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25 May
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) is established by the UN Security Council to sit in The Hague, The Netherlands. More
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7 November
ICTY issues first indictment (Dragan Nikolić) for crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. More
8 November
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is established by the UN Security Council to st in Arusha, Tanzania.
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7 May
The first ICTY trial begins (Duško Tadić). More
29 November
First ICTY judgement (Dražen Erdemović, “Srebrenica”). More
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17 July
Adoption of the Rome Statute, providing for the establishment of the permanent International Criminal Court (ICC).
2 September
First-ever conviction for rape as a crime against humanity, and first ICTR conviction for genocide, in the ICTR case of Jean-Paul Akayesu.
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24 May
The ICTY issues the first indictment by an international court against a sitting head of state: Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević is charged with crimes in Kosovo. More
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6 March
Special Panels with local and international judges open in East Timor. Established by the country's UN administration, the panels work in parallel with the ad hoc Human Rights Court in Indonesia to prosecute persons allegedly responsible for atrocities committed during the 1999 conflict.
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22 February
First-ever convictions for enslavement as a crime against humanity, and first ICTY convictions for rape as a crime against humanity, in the case of Kunarac et al. More
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16 January
The Special Court for Sierra Leone is established in Freetown. The Court has a mixed international and local bench.
12 February
The trial of Slobodan Milošević begins at the ICTY, following his transfer into Tribunal custody on 29 June 2001.
1 July
The ICC - the world’s first permanent war crimes court - begins operating in The Hague.
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19 April
First ICTY conviction for aiding and abetting genocide, in the case of Radislav Krstić (Srebrenica).More
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9 March
Mixed panels of national and international judges start adjudicating cases in the War Crimes Chamber of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The establishment of this Chamber was advocated by the ICTY as a vital legacy endeavour needed to further strengthen the rule of law in the former Yugoslavia.
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18 January
The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) begin operating. The joint Cambodia-UN court prosecutes those believed to be most responsible for the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge mass murders.
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30 May
The Special Tribunal for Lebanon is created by the UN Security Council as agreed with the Lebanese government, to punish those responsible for the assassination of Prime Minister Rafik Hariri and others.
4 June
The trial of Charles Taylor, former President of Liberia, begins before a Trial Chamber of the SCSL, sitting in The Hague.
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30 July
Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadžić is transferred to the ICTY to face trial for genocide and other alleged crimes committed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. More
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26 January
First ICC trial – that of Thomas Lubanga Dyilo – begins.
25 February
First-ever conviction for forced marriage as a crime against humanity in the SCSL case against three Revolutionary United Front leaders.
26 February
An ICTY Trial Chamber sentences five senior Serb officials to a combined total of 96 years’ imprisonment for crimes committed in Kosovo during the 1999 conflict. More
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4 March
The ICC issues an arrest warrant for Sudan’s President Omar al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. The charge of genocide is added to his indictment on 12 July 2010.
17 March
The ICTY Appeals Chamber sentences Momčilo Krajišnik, one of the highest-ranking wartime members of the Bosnian Serb leadership, to 20 years’ imprisonment for crimes committed during the Bosnian conflict. More
26 October
The trial of Radovan Karadžić begins at the ICTY. More
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6 June
A Trial Chamber sentences two accused to life imprisonment for genocide and five others to a combined total of 89 years' imprisonment for crimes committed in Srebrenica in July 1995. More
26 July
The ECCC Trial Chamber finds Kaing Guek Eav, aka Comrade Duch, guilty of crimes against humanity and grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, and sentences him to 35 years’ imprisonment.
21 December
The UN Security Council establishes the Residual Mechanism for International Tribunals, to continue the jurisdiction, rights, obligations and essential functions of the ICTY and the ICTR once the two Tribunals close down.
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23 February
An ICTY Trial Chamber sentences Serbian former public security chief and assistant interior minister Vlastimir Đorđević to 27 years in prison, having found him guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
26 February
The UN Security Council refers the Libya situation to the ICC, the first time the Council has voted unanimously on such a referral.
8 March
The ICC issues summonses to six Kenyans accused of involvement in that country’s 2007-2008 post-election violence.
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3 June
Ratko Mladić makes his initial appearance before the ICTY, following his transfer to the Tribunal’s custody on 31 May 2011.
24 June
Pauline Nyiramasuhuko becomes the first woman to be convicted of genocide, after being found guilty by an ICTR Trial Chamber.
27 June
The ICC issues an arrest warrant for Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.
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30 June
The STL issues arrest warrants for four men allegedly involved in the assassination of Rafik Hariri.
20 July
The last remaining ICTY war crimes fugitive, Goran Hadžić, is arrested in Serbia.
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