090121IT

Page 30431

1 JUDGE AGIUS: But it could well happen that things will move in a

2 way in which it would be impossible for you to start on Monday.

3 MR. HAYNES: That's fine. That's really all I was asking for.

4 I'm very grateful.

5 JUDGE AGIUS: Exactly. But if things go as anticipated, then

6 yes, you can start on Monday.

7 MR. HAYNES: Thank you very much.

8 JUDGE AGIUS: Thank you, Mr. Haynes.

9 General, good afternoon to you. Once more, my apologies for

10 keeping you waiting. You are still testifying under oath and

11 Mr. Vanderpuye will hopefully conclude his cross-examination.

12 Mr. Vanderpuye.

13 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you, Mr. President. And good afternoon to

14 you and Your Honours. Good afternoon to my colleagues.

15 WITNESS: SLOBODAN KOSOVAC [Resumed]

16 [Witness answered through interpretation]

17 Cross-examination by Mr. Vanderpuye: [Continued]

18 Q. Good afternoon to you, General.

19 A. Good afternoon to everybody.

20 Q. General, yesterday when we left off I was asking you about

21 General Gvero's relationship or -- with international organisations and

22 whether or not he was authorised to maintain contacts with them as the

23 scope of his duties for assistant commander for morale, religious, and

24 legal affairs.

25 MR. VANDERPUYE: If I could 65 ter 4156 in e-court, please.

Page 30432

1 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Josse.

2 MR. JOSSE: It could be put into e-court. It's probably best if

3 the witness takes his earphones off, Your Honours.

4 JUDGE AGIUS: General, can you kindly take off -- remove your

5 headphones, please.

6 Yes, Mr. Josse.

7 MR. JOSSE: This is a new document that deals with Gvero --

8 alleged Gvero related dealings with the ICRC. Mr. Vanderpuye explained

9 to the Chamber yesterday why this line arises from our cross-examination,

10 and we accept that the Trial Chamber upheld his submissions in this

11 regard. Our observation and objection in effect is this: Why can't he

12 use P536 which is already in evidence to ask the witness about the same

13 area. P536, perhaps that could be put into e-court. That's another

14 document that alleges Gvero's dealings with the ICRC at the same point.

15 In short, why are the Prosecution deliberately choosing to use a

16 new document to conduct this line of cross-examination rather than a

17 piece of evidence that's already been adduced as part of their case?

18 JUDGE AGIUS: I hope the answer is not that we haven't got enough

19 documents in the case. What's your reaction or remark, Mr. Vanderpuye?

20 MR. VANDERPUYE: Mr. President, I think this document fairly

21 addresses the issue that was raised during the cross-examination of this

22 witness. I think it's appropriate, and I don't know that it's within the

23 purview of the Defence to dictate to the Prosecution which evidence it

24 chooses to use. The Defence has been provided with this document. He

25 evidently is ready and knows what it's about. So it's not an issue of

Page 30433

1 surprise or unfairness with respect to its use. So --

2 JUDGE AGIUS: What do you intend to prove by this document?

3 MR. VANDERPUYE: What I intend to show with this document is the

4 role that General Gvero played with respect to his interaction with

5 international organisations. And the reason for that is because it ties

6 to the language of Directive 7, from which the Gvero Defence seeks to

7 distance Mr. Gvero as a potential contributor.

8 JUDGE AGIUS: And would you have been able to prove the same

9 thing by using P536? There's opportunity to look at it. I don't have it

10 in front of me.

11 MR. VANDERPUYE: I do. I'm looking at it just now.

12 [Prosecution Counsel Confer]

13 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes. I think if we can see them both.

14 MR. JOSSE: As I've repeatedly said, I have no objection to the

15 Court looking and reading both documents --

16 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes. That's what I'm trying to --

17 MR. JOSSE: -- in deciding whether there is any substance in the

18 submission I am making, which is, in effect, the Prosecution are

19 deliberately trying to introduce new evidence.

20 JUDGE AGIUS: The difficulties are two, Mr. Josse. One is it's

21 not normal that a party is told which documents to use in the course of

22 direct or cross-examination. That's number one. And secondly, we

23 haven't seen either of these two documents. We are seeing one now, and I

24 have asked for the other one to be shown on e-court. And exactly which

25 is P536?

Page 30434

1 THE REGISTRAR: Your Honour, the one to the left is 536. The one

2 to the right is 4156.

3 JUDGE AGIUS: All right. Okay. Yes, Madam Fauveau, in the

4 meantime --

5 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] I would just like to add one thing

6 to what has been said. The document that the Prosecutor wanted to use,

7 well, we consider that it also has exculpatory elements for our client.

8 MR. JOSSE: If my learned friend Madam Fauveau is saying that she

9 wants to adduce that document in any event, then there is no point for

10 the Trial Chamber ruling on the submission. Perhaps she could make that

11 clear, and I will withdraw my objection.

12 JUDGE AGIUS: I think Ms. Fauveau has made that clear. I don't

13 think we should make it clear that the document contains exculpatory

14 material for --

15 MR. JOSSE: Sorry, Your Honour misunderstood. I am simply asking

16 her to make it clear that she wishes it to be adduced. If she does, I

17 will withdraw my objection on that basis, and let's make it clear on the

18 basis that she wants it in and not the Prosecution.

19 MR. VANDERPUYE: Mr. President --

20 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Vanderpuye.

21 MR. VANDERPUYE: -- I would just like to clarify that as far as

22 my colleague has alleged or is saying that we can prove the same point by

23 using the same document, that's a separate issue on whether or not we are

24 trying to introduce new evidence because what we are talking about is

25 evidence that is corroborative of evidence that has already been adduced

Page 30435

1 in the case. That's a separate issue than whether it is completely new

2 to the Defence or new to the case. It's not because it bears upon a

3 similar matter but it's corroborative of it, and to that extent, it is

4 appropriate to introduce on cross-examination. And we are not

5 constrained to use the same evidence over and over again for the same

6 witnesses, particularly to the extent that it doesn't raise --

7 particularly to the extent that it doesn't raise a completely new issue

8 in the case.

9 JUDGE AGIUS: Okay. All right.

10 Yes, Ms. Fauveau. Do you wish to react to Mr. Josse's ...

11 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] No, Your Honour. I think I said

12 all that I wish to say for the time being, and I will see during my

13 questioning how exactly I would like to proceed.

14 MR. JOSSE: Then I pursue my objection on that basis, and

15 Mr. Vanderpuye really said it all, Your Honour. What we submit is what

16 he has just said is not acceptable. That is not a proper way to conduct

17 the Prosecution.

18 JUDGE AGIUS: Thank you.

19 [Trial Chamber confers]

20 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes. Irrespective and independently of the point

21 raised by Madam Fauveau and what it carries in its wake, our position is

22 unanimous on this. We believe that the Prosecution has every right to

23 use additional documents to make a point, and accordingly we are giving

24 the go-ahead.

25 General -- we don't need the two of them now on the monitor. We

Page 30436

1 only need the new one.

2 MR. VANDERPUYE: May I proceed, Mr. President?

3 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes.

4 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you.

5 Q. General, this is a document that is issued by the ICRC. It's

6 dated 17 July 1995. And it's an update on ICR activities in the former

7 Yugoslavia.

8 MR. VANDERPUYE: If we could turn page 3 of this document.

9 Q. The second paragraph of this document reads as follows:

10 "After a meeting held in Belgrade, the European Union envoy

11 Mr. Carl Bildt declared to the media on 16 July that the ICRC would be

12 granted access to all detainees around Bratunac. The ICRC delegates in

13 Pale then had a meeting with General Gvero of the BSA, who ensured them

14 that the ICRC would be given access to all detainees once the security

15 conditions in the area allowed."

16 Now, with respect to that particular conduct, is that consistent

17 with General Gvero's position as the assistant commander for morale,

18 legal, and religious affairs, as a member of the Main Staff?

19 A. This paragraph can only mean that General Gvero had authorisation

20 from the military authorities to enter into contact with and speak to

21 UNPROFOR and ICRC representatives. Yesterday, I already said something,

22 and I'll repeat what I said, not a single document regulating the

23 responsibilities and functioning of organisational units of the VRS

24 contains provisions that regulate how one should cooperate with the ICRC

25 and so on. The Main Staff of the VRS has its own documents that

Page 30437

1 regulates these matters. They are ad hoc documents. And one can

2 probably come to the conclusion that he had such authority, and as a

3 result, Mr. Carl Bildt evoked the authorisation that he had received.

4 Q. These documents that -- these VRS document that contain

5 provisions that regulate cooperation with the ICRC, international

6 organisations, et cetera, did you review those documents prior to

7 preparing your report, sir?

8 A. The ones I examined have been referred to quite precisely. In

9 the report, in the footnotes, you know which ones are concerned.

10 Q. Did you review those documents in reference to your analysis of

11 General Miletic's role as concerns UNPROFOR, UNHCR or other international

12 organisations?

13 A. Item 5 in my report that deals with humanitarian assistance

14 refers to the fact that I examined the decision on cooperation with

15 UNPROFOR and international organisations. Footnote 137, I examined the

16 order of the Main Staff; 138, I examined a document from the Main Staff.

17 And for a period of time I performed a detailed analysis and examined the

18 overall concept, but I thought it wasn't important to include this in the

19 report, but I did state that I had reviewed these documents.

20 Q. And so which one of those documents authorises General Gvero to

21 engage in contact with ICRC, UNPROFOR, et cetera?

22 A. As far as I can remember, the cooperation remained at the level

23 of General Mladic and General Milovanovic, and then they would authorise

24 him. I'd like to have a look at the document again to refresh my memory

25 about the subject.

Page 30438

1 Q. Let me show you another document.

2 MR. VANDERPUYE: This is 65 ter 4157.

3 Q. This is also another ICRC document that concerns an interview

4 that was given to Deutsche Welle broadcasting, and it's dated 20 July

5 1995. In the first part of this document, it reads as follows:

6 "The spokesman of the ICRC Belgrade office Josue Anselmo has

7 stated here today that early this week an oral agreement was reached with

8 General Gvero in Pale, according to which the ICRC delegates are, in

9 principle, authorised to visit the Srebrenica Muslims detained by the BSA

10 when it took over this UN protected area."

11 If we go to the bottom of the page, the paragraph at the bottom

12 of the page reads as follows:

13 "According to Mr. Anselmo, General Gvero agreed with the usual

14 conditions for the ICRC visits to detention centres, which means

15 registration of all detainees, interview carried out in private, giving

16 the detainees the possibility to write Red Cross messages and in this way

17 inform their families that they are alive, repeated visits to the --

18 repeated visits and the assessment of the conditions of detention."

19 If we go to the next page. In the second sentence it reads:

20 "After the agreement with General Gvero, the ICRC vehicles

21 evacuated two days ago 87 seriously wounded people from Bratunac to

22 Tuzla" --

23 MR. JOSSE: Sorry to interrupt. Could my learned friend read the

24 whole of that paragraph, please. Particularly bearing in mind the

25 witness doesn't have a translation.

Page 30439

1 MR. VANDERPUYE: I will be happy to oblige. It reads as follows

2 from the top of the page:

3 "As for the medical and other assistance, the ICRC delegation was

4 persistently negotiating with medical evacuation -- negotiating medical

5 evacuation of the wounded and sick people who stayed behind on the

6 Bosnian Serb territory in Bratunac and in the UNPROFOR compound in

7 Potocari. After the agreement with General Gvero, the ICRC vehicles

8 evacuated two days ago 87 seriously wounded people from Bratunac to

9 Tuzla. Apart from this, the ICRC teams used their armoured vehicles to

10 transport over 20 people who were unable to walk from the separation

11 lines to Kladanj."

12 Now, in light of what I've read you here as concerns

13 General Gvero's agreement with the ICRC concerning the terms and

14 conditions of access to prisoners, is this something that is consistent

15 with your understanding of General Gvero's role in his capacity as

16 assistant commander for morale, religious, and legal affairs?

17 A. It's not a very gratifying task to testify as an expert if the

18 minimum efforts haven't been made, and that would involve translating the

19 entire document that we have here. An expert has to examine all the

20 aspects of a given document. But given what I have heard, there are

21 sufficient arguments for me to provide you with an answer identical to my

22 previous answer.

23 The way things were organised were as follows: This wasn't an

24 integral part of the procedure, but on the basis of subsequent acts and

25 given there were no problems, it's possible to draw the conclusion that

Page 30440

1 such contact was established pursuant to authority received from his

2 superior.

3 Q. In your analysis of the structure and the order of the Main Staff

4 as it was in July 1995, were you aware that General Gvero played such a

5 role with respect to international organisations?

6 A. Having analysed many of the things that were done, I gained a

7 certain impression, the impression that there was a level of

8 organisation, and to an extent UNPROFOR remained in contact with

9 General Mladic and Milovanovic. As far as logistics are concerned,

10 assistants dealt with this. And as far as logistics -- that concerns

11 logistics in the rear, but this area was the responsibility of the

12 assistant for morale, religious, and other affairs. I think this would

13 be part of his field of activity, and as military expert, I would say

14 that as a commander he made very reasonable assessments about those who

15 cooperated with particular organisations.

16 Q. In respect particularly to the issue of the conditions of

17 detention for prisoners, is that something that would fall within the

18 sphere of General Gvero's responsibilities or perhaps General Tolimir's

19 responsibilities?

20 A. Your Honours, it's very difficult to provide you with a precise

21 answer to this question. This opens up the way for speculation. It's a

22 problem for us to answer this precisely because the person who had

23 responsibility didn't make an effort to reconstruct the way in which the

24 VRS was organised.

25 Why am I emphasizing this now? The procedure that concerned

Page 30441

1 prisoners and detainees was the responsibility of the security organ;

2 however, the military prisons in the territory of the former Yugoslavia

3 were regulated in different ways at different stages. So those military

4 prisons that were the responsibility of the organ for legal affairs --

5 well, they were their responsibility for a certain period of time and

6 then they were the responsibility of the logistics organ for a certain

7 time, and I'm not sure whether the security organ was ever responsible

8 for the prisons. Without determining how things were organised, it's

9 impossible to provide you with a precise answer on responsibility, but

10 it's possible to and easy to reconstruct how things were.

11 Q. Well, General, given the -- given the materials that you viewed,

12 it showed General Miletic communicating with UNPROFOR and international

13 organisations, wouldn't it be important for you to know what the duties

14 of other members of the Main Staff were in order to evaluate that?

15 JUDGE AGIUS: That's what we have in the transcript. Line 11, it

16 says General Miletic. Is that correct?

17 MR. VANDERPUYE: It is.

18 JUDGE AGIUS: Okay. All right. I just wanted to make sure.

19 Thank you. I thought it was but I wanted to make sure.

20 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] General Miletic, line 11. In

21 chapter 5, I stated quite precisely that General Miletic didn't have any

22 responsibility for UNPROFOR, and I said that it was my responsibility to

23 check this, and I also said - and I stated this in the report - that we

24 didn't have an overview of the organisation. When you asked me whether

25 it's normal, well, that's the minimum you should have done before

Page 30442

1 starting on anything.

2 MR. VANDERPUYE:

3 Q. Paragraph 190 of your report, it says:

4 "Major General Radivoje Miletic participated in decision-making

5 regarding the approval of humanitarian aid and the passage of convoys."

6 Now, with respect to reaching that conclusion, sir, isn't it

7 important for you to know whether or not other Main Staff members had

8 responsibilities as concerns humanitarian aid and the passage of convoys?

9 A. The worst thing one can do is take things out of context.

10 Similarly -- well, this question was also put to me in the course of the

11 examination-in-chief, I don't know when exactly, and I referred to

12 Article 191 immediately, and not a single sentence in itself has any

13 meaning taken on its own. And under 191 I stated that the documents that

14 General Miletic signed were information notes that didn't have the

15 character of orders. So 191 explains item 190.

16 As far as examining one's responsibilities are concerned, well,

17 the responsibilities of the organisational units of the Main Staff of the

18 VRS, in many of the items this was examined far more than the

19 responsibility of particular units. I adhered to the subject I had been

20 assigned. If the subject had been broader, I would probably have done

21 what I was referring to a minute ago. I would probably have referred to

22 the organisational development of the VRS and of the ABiH, and then it

23 would have been possible to see where the various parties were at a given

24 point in time.

25 Q. To the extent that you actually evaluated the decision-making

Page 30443

1 process regarding the approving of humanitarian aid in the passage of

2 convoys, isn't it important for you to have determined what the relative

3 roles of Main Staff members were with respect to that decision-making

4 process? You can answer that yes or no.

5 A. Your Honours, it's not a serious approach if one puts a yes-or-no

6 question to an expert witness.

7 Q. Can I take it that you are refusing to answer the question,

8 General?

9 A. No, God forbid. I am here at your disposal. I am prepared to

10 answer any question, but you can't instruct me to answer a question by

11 saying yes or no. Experts don't answer questions in such a manner.

12 JUDGE AGIUS: Still let's proceed with your answer, please, then,

13 if it goes beyond yes or no.

14 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honours. It's not

15 going to be lengthy. I will try and be as brief as possible.

16 When analysing the subject I was assigned, I also examined the

17 way in which humanitarian aid in the Republika Srpska was authorised, and

18 in that analysis -- that concerned the responsibilities of the VRS, in

19 fact, in that analysis I also included an analysis of all forms of

20 humanitarian aid. When I had finished this work and saw that the subject

21 was not the precise subject I had been assigned, well, then, I just went

22 on to draft item 5 where I quite precisely analysed how things worked at

23 the state level, at the army level, and I also analysed how

24 General Miletic was involved in humanitarian aid.

25 MR. VANDERPUYE: Can I have 65 ter 1401 in evidence -- in

Page 30444

1 e-court, please.

2 Q. General, this is an intercept, as you can see -- well, 1401 B is

3 the --

4 MR. VANDERPUYE: All right. If we could have 1401 B also. I

5 think that's in B/C/S and the General will be able to read it.

6 Q. It's an intercept that's dated 4th August 1995. It indicates

7 that it was taken by the SDB, State Security Service, Tuzla, CSB. And

8 it's at 1120 hours on 4th of August. Now, if you can see in the title it

9 indicates that this is a conversation between General Miletic and Darko,

10 UN Colonel Quape's translator. This is a conversation that involves

11 General Miletic's approval of certain matters related to the UN forces.

12 And here's what it says.

13 If we go to the middle of the page in the English, it reads:

14 "The colonel says" -- this is D, Darko.

15 "The colonel says that ... that if they are compelled to evacuate

16 the patient by land, you, General, will be responsible for anything that

17 might happen to this severely sick patient as a result of the transport."

18 This is in response the General Miletic's statement where he says:

19 "Impossible, sir. I have attempted to be cooperative with

20 Colonel Quape and in general with all of you. However, the more

21 cooperative someone is with you, the more you take advantage of it. And

22 I no longer wish, until you show that you are as -- that you are as much

23 as you ought to ..."

24 And that's when he gets cut off. What's important about this

25 particular intercept is, if you look at the last part of it, it starts

Page 30445

1 with D.

2 "The Colonel asks if we can please not talk about the past now

3 but about this medivac of this patient, who is in critical condition."

4 The answer to that attributed to General Miletic is:

5 "No, sir, no. The Colonel could have, if he had already made a

6 mistake, and landed the helicopter at," it looks like, "Inzinjering, when

7 he picked those wounded he could have landed at Sarajevo airport, so that

8 we could check on who you were carrying. And I have information that you

9 were not carrying just those two, your wounded. And I have no desire

10 whatsoever to take on any more responsibility myself, because at that

11 time I approved it on my own responsibility, not with the agreement of my

12 commander. I have no desire to take on that responsibility myself,

13 because of your improper behavior."

14 Now, the intercept continues, but before I continue with the

15 intercept I ask you this: With respect to the approval of this medivac

16 process, it's clear here that General Miletic approved this matter on his

17 own accord, and he says explicitly, "without the agreement of my

18 commander."

19 Can you explain how that could be, given your evaluation of what

20 General Miletic's role and responsibilities were with respect to the UN

21 agencies?

22 A. Absolutely. In the intercept I -- in the excerpt thereof, you

23 can see that this was a process, an ongoing process, and at one point in

24 time General Miletic was in a place where the -- from which his superior

25 was absent and that -- that was probably the basic command post. I can't

Page 30446

1 tell from the document. Something urgent happened and had to be

2 regulated, and in compliance with all the existing regulations, faced

3 with the urgency, the most senior officer passed the decision as to what

4 to do. That was the only moment when the most superior officer made the

5 decision instead of the commander. This is because of this urgency.

6 In the second part I can see that this urgency, and I repeat it

7 was an urgent matter, this gentleman, a lieutenant whose name I can't

8 remember, again called General Miletic, again put pressure on him, which

9 means that it may be easily concluded that he wanted to introduce some

10 extraordinary procedures to interfere with regular procedures and thus

11 create some problems in the military. The statement that it was easier

12 to cooperate with General Mladic is absolutely normal because he is a man

13 who makes very important decisions, because that is his right. And the

14 statement that he has a better cooperation with General Tolimir is also

15 normal because General Tolimir was the assistant commander or

16 higher-ranking officer, and he had the right to issue different

17 decisions.

18 According to what we have seen in this document, this is a

19 by-the-book example of replacing a superior officer following all the

20 rules and regulations that were in place at the moment.

21 Q. Yes. My colleague reminds me that we have a translation of what

22 you said is "replacing," and what I want to know is whether you mean

23 "standing in"?

24 A. I heard your colleague and we had the same thing in mind.

25 "Standing in" is what I had in mind.

Page 30447

1 Q. All right. Let me take you to a different area.

2 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Ms. Fauveau.

3 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] Your Honour, I believe there is a

4 mistake on the transcript. I don't think the witness has said what is

5 actually written on the transcript. "Standing in." I don't think that

6 matches what the witness has said.

7 JUDGE AGIUS: In that case, I think we'll need a further

8 explanation from you, and I would ask the witness to remove his

9 headphones.

10 Madam Fauveau, what did the witness say? If you can avoid using

11 any B/C/S language, please, and speak in French. Thank you.

12 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] Your Honour, the confusion is of --

13 made between "representing" and "standing in for." In B/C/S, the witness

14 used the term "replacement," to replace, like General Milovanovic who is

15 the Chief of Staff and at the same time deputy commander. The deputy

16 commander is translated with "replace" in B/C/S, which has nothing to do

17 with the term "stand in for."

18 JUDGE AGIUS: Thank you for that. But then when the question was

19 put to him on line 20 -- lines 20 and 21 of the previous page, he said:

20 "I heard your colleague," that means Mr. McCloskey, "and we had

21 the same thing in mind. Standing in is what I had in mind."

22 THE INTERPRETER: Interpreter used the word "standing in" but is

23 not sure that that is what the witness said.

24 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] [Previous translation continues]...

25 in B/C/S used the word "replacement."

Page 30448

1 JUDGE AGIUS: All right. Are we agreed on this? Mr. Vanderpuye,

2 do you wish to clarify this matter further?

3 MR. VANDERPUYE: I would prefer for the witness actually to use

4 the word in B/C/S that he used so that it's clear on the record at

5 least --

6 JUDGE AGIUS: All right. Okay.

7 MR. VANDERPUYE: -- and then we will go from there.

8 JUDGE AGIUS: Let me put the question myself to him.

9 General, could you please replace your headphones.

10 I take you back a minute or so ago and when you heard

11 Mr. McCloskey and Mr. Vanderpuye exchanging some words and you gave an

12 answer. And you said, "I heard your colleague and we had the same thing

13 in mind." What word did you actually use in your language that you could

14 repeat to us, please.

15 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Replacing, "zamijenjivanje."

16 JUDGE AGIUS: Then we can proceed. Thank you.

17 MR. VANDERPUYE:

18 Q. And when you say that you heard my colleague, could you tell us

19 what you heard that you said that you agreed with or you had the same

20 thing in mind? What word did you hear?

21 A. Your colleague used the Serbian word "zastupa," and then I said

22 that we meant the same thing, not standing in for but replacing, which

23 means that Mr. McCloskey and I understood each other in the Serbian

24 language. This is what I meant.

25 Q. All right. Well, then, I seem little bit -- I seem to be a

Page 30449

1 little bit confused and maybe you can clarify it. "Zastupa," in the way

2 that you have used it in your answer, is that the same thing as the other

3 word that you used, which I think was "zamjenik." Is that how you meant

4 it?

5 A. I am a very precise person. To my great fortune, I now make a

6 clear distinction among the three words that you used. The first one is

7 a "zastupa," a situation in service. Another one is "zamijenjivanje,"

8 that is a moment in time. And the third word is "zamjenik," which is the

9 name of a duty in the Army of Republika Srpska. When I was answering

10 your question very precisely and when I told you what was done by

11 General Miletic about the issue of the helicopter and when I was also

12 very precise and I said that in keeping with the regulations, the

13 textbook example of applying regulations in urgent situations as a person

14 who was replacing the commander probably in the command post, and that's

15 how things ended. Then Mr. McCloskey addressed you and used the word

16 "zastupa," "zastupa," probably wanting us to make a distinction between

17 the two things. Then I told him that I understood what he said, that we

18 meant the same thing, that we were not saying the same thing, and I was

19 using the word "zaminjevete" [phoen] --

20 THE INTERPRETER: The interpreter believes it's "replacing."

21 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] -- and this is what I meant.

22 MR. VANDERPUYE:

23 Q. All right. Let me take you to another area. During your direct

24 examination you were shown Directive number 4.

25 MR. VANDERPUYE: And if we could have that in e-court, please,

Page 30450

1 that's 65 ter 29, 29. And if we could just go to page 5 in the English,

2 and I believe it is page 11 in the B/C/S.

3 Q. Yes. At the bottom of the page in the English you can see the

4 tasks that were assigned to the Drina Corps, and I think you see that at

5 the top or the middle of the page in the B/C/S, or top as it seems to be.

6 You were asked some questions concerning paragraph marked D,

7 Drina Corps, where it says:

8 "From its present positions its main forces shall persistently

9 defend Visegrad (the dam), Zvornik, and the corridor, while the rest of

10 its forces in the wider Podrinje region shall exhaust the enemy, inflict

11 the heaviest possible losses on him, and force him to leave the Birac,

12 Zepa and Gorazde areas, together with the Muslim population."

13 Do you recall being asked questions about that on your direct

14 examination?

15 A. Please repeat your question.

16 Q. Do you recall being asked questions about the part of this

17 directive as concerns the tasks of the Drina Corps where it says: "To

18 inflict the heaviest possible losses on of him," meaning the enemy, "and

19 force him to leave the Birac, Zepa, and Gorazde areas, together with the

20 Muslim population"?

21 A. Although I remember the whole thing, now you have read to me only

22 50 percent of the task of the Drina Corps. Based on only 50 percent of a

23 corps' task, I never provide my answer. I believe that at that moment I

24 insist on -- on my answer as a whole and now I don't know what to say. I

25 think it would be good for you to read the whole task and then ask

Page 30451

1 whatever you think you should ask because in the Serbian language it's

2 rather illegible.

3 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Ms. Fauveau.

4 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] This is not an objection. It's

5 that recently we have found another copy of Directive 4. I have informed

6 the Prosecutor about this. Perhaps the witness would like to look at the

7 hard copy of this version which is much more legible and which in

8 addition bears the signature of the author of the document.

9 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Vanderpuye. Are you happy with that?

10 MR. VANDERPUYE: I am fine with that.

11 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, okay.

12 MR. VANDERPUYE: I have no problem.

13 JUDGE AGIUS: Thank you, Ms. Fauveau.

14 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] In the meantime, if I may correct

15 the transcript. On page 26, line 1, what I said precisely was "Signature

16 of the person who signed it." I did not say it was the author of the

17 document I just said it was the person who signed the document.

18 JUDGE AGIUS: Okay. Thank you.

19 MR. VANDERPUYE:

20 Q. General, I guess you are able to read what's written under

21 section 5(d) of this document now. Does that refresh your recollection

22 as to whether or not you were asked questions about it by my learned

23 colleague during your direct examination?

24 A. I've read the paragraph. I don't -- I'm not really keen on

25 trying to remember what I said. Either you quote it back to me -- it's

Page 30452

1 very difficult for me to remember every answer of mine, and now it seems

2 that you are actually putting my memory to a test, which is not at all

3 pleasant, is it? So can you please read my answer back to me.

4 Q. Rather than dwell on the issue, let me just ask you: As you've

5 read this paragraph (d), which is the task that is assigned to the

6 Drina Corps, does this have anything to do with the movement of the

7 Muslim population?

8 A. As I am reading this paragraph (d) carefully - and I've read it

9 already several times - my first opinion would be that this is a very

10 awkwardly worded paragraph, but one can conclude very clearly based on

11 the context that for those who lay down their arms, there would be no

12 problem because there is a very unusual sentence in the middle, "First

13 offer the able-bodied and armed men to surrender," and so on and so

14 forth.

15 It may be concluded based on that that the objective of the

16 Drina Corps was the troops or armed men in this area.

17 Q. Are you aware that Momcilo Krajisnik testified in this case on

18 3rd June 2008?

19 A. I heard of that but I don't know.

20 Q. And are you aware in respect of this specific provision he was

21 put the following question:

22 "Now, just very quickly" -- and this was on the transcript of

23 this day, it's at page 21656. I won't read the whole question but I'll

24 read part of the question and the answer. It's between lines 4 and 13:

25 "Now just very quickly you discussed this order in your trial,

Page 30453

1 and in a question -- and you agreed that this language was an order for

2 ethnic cleansing; correct?"

3 "A. Yes." And he qualifies the answer and continues.

4 Do you agree that this is essentially an order for ethnic

5 cleansing?

6 A. Am I supposed to answer? Is that a question put to me?

7 Q. That is a question put to you. I'm sorry, I see that it appears

8 in quotes. My question to you is: Do you agree that this is essentially

9 an order for ethnic cleansing?

10 A. Again, extracting such an order from its context creates some

11 preconditions which you tried to impose on me from the outset and that is

12 bias, and an expert is never biased. If they did not participate in the

13 event they can only answer questions and the answers can just be, I don't

14 know, or I do know. If I were to assess this task as a soldier, despite

15 of the fact that I know who the signatory of the document is, that person

16 would be given a negative mark because when you start by saying one thing

17 and then saying how to do it in a different way, it's impossible from the

18 military point of view.

19 Here a reference is made to disarming, an offer to lay down

20 weapons which does not point to any sort of ethnic cleansing to me. And

21 now, whether I or you have understood the sentence properly may be

22 answered when you look at all the documents of the Drina Corps and its

23 units which were created based on this task. All the rest would be pure

24 speculation.

25 Q. That's your expert opinion, sir?

Page 30454

1 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes.

2 MR. JOSSE: I think we can go on.

3 JUDGE AGIUS: We were actually discussing whether we should have

4 a break now.

5 MR. JOSSE: I'm -- I'm sorry, Your Honours. Yes. I'd invite

6 that, bearing in mind what happened.

7 JUDGE AGIUS: All right. Okay. So let's have a break now rather

8 than in six minutes time. 25 minutes please. Thank you.

9 --- Recess taken at 3.38 p.m.

10 --- On resuming at 4.11 p.m.

11 JUDGE AGIUS: Mr. Vanderpuye.

12 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you, Mr. President.

13 May I have 65 ter 3029 in e-court, please.

14 Q. While that document is getting loaded, General, I had asked you

15 whether your conclusion with respect to Directive 4 as concerns its

16 language referring to -- referring to exhausting the enemy and forcing

17 him to leave Birac, Zepa, Gorazde, those areas together with the Muslim

18 population, in your view, constituted ethnic cleansing, you had indicated

19 that that would be speculative and that you didn't see any language to

20 that effect; is that fair to say?

21 A. Yes, on the whole. I said that the level of literacy of the

22 person who drafted this sentence -- well, perhaps this person was

23 exceptionally intelligent but not very literate. One should check these

24 things in depth. I said -- you asked me whether this was my professional

25 opinion and then there was a break so I didn't answer that question. But

Page 30455

1 I feel the need to tell you that I am under oath, I am an expert, I am

2 not expressing the opinions of a layperson and all the opinions I have

3 expressed were expressed in a structured manner, and I told you how this

4 could be checked and how you could reach a different conclusion.

5 Q. All right. Let's take a look at 65 ter 3029. I think it should

6 be up in e-court, now, and let me refer you specifically to item 1. This

7 is a Drina Corps document. It is signed by Milenko Zivanovic as

8 commander, and it is dated 24th November 1992, and it refers to

9 number 02/3 of 19 November 1992, Directive 4. And in item 1 it reads as

10 follows:

11 "Launch an attack using the main body of troops and major

12 equipment to inflict on the enemy the highest possible losses, exhaust

13 them, break them up or force them to surrender, and force the Muslim

14 local population to abandon the area of Cerska, Zepa, Srebrenica, and

15 Gorazde."

16 Now, it is obvious to you, is it not, that this language comes

17 straight out of Directive 4?

18 A. Are you quite clear about the nature of what you have just read

19 out to me?

20 Q. That is the translation that we have. Let me refer you

21 specifically to the language that I'm -- that I'd like to focus you on

22 and that has to do with "... forcing the Muslim local population to

23 abandon the area of Cerska, Zepa, Srebrenica, and Gorazde."

24 A. I know what I asked and I know why. And what I have already

25 repeated on a number of occasions, Your Honours, is as follows. You

Page 30456

1 can't take combat documents out of context. You can't read through a

2 decision and then interpret the decision as a task.

3 This document for further action, this decision, is the result of

4 the task. This is the decision that the Drina Corps command drafted. In

5 my opinion it's very poor. We have to see what the nature of the task

6 is, the following item. The decision in itself doesn't mean anything

7 because the commander is assigning a task to his subordinates, a task

8 that they carry out.

9 Q. In your view, this task has nothing to do with Directive 4; is

10 that right?

11 A. In my opinion this is not a task, it's a decision. The

12 Drina Corps commander fully understood the task assigned to him by the

13 Main Staff, and the decision was poorly drafted by him. The decision

14 such as it is here has been -- has been very poorly drafted.

15 JUDGE KWON: General, can I ask you something. You tried to

16 distinguish the task itself and the result of the task. What did you

17 mean by the result of the task? Did you mean the purpose of the --

18 purpose of the operation? What's the result of the task?

19 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Thank you for that question,

20 Your Honour. Perhaps it's a translation problem. I will be very

21 precise. When the commander of a unit is assigned a task by a superior

22 unit, having examined the nature of the task as the most responsible

23 officer, he follows a certain methodology and takes a decision as to what

24 his entire unit will undertake. This decision is relayed to subordinate

25 bodies and they are assigned tasks. His decision isn't important for the

Page 30457

1 subordinate units; the assigned task is important for the units. The

2 task is the mission that they have to carry out and that he defines for

3 them. I think that the task should be referred to on the following page,

4 somewhere, so I would like to have a look at that too, if possible.

5 MR. VANDERPUYE: That's fine. If we could page forward.

6 JUDGE KWON: Yes, please.

7 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, this is a good time

8 for us to understand what it means to talk about something in context and

9 what happens when you take something out of context. In Directive 4, I

10 commented on a task. I said that it was very poorly put, that someone

11 who was illiterate had drafted it, but as a member of the military, I

12 analysed the order the words had been put in and I concluded that it

13 didn't contain any elements such as the elements Mr. Vanderpuye is trying

14 to attribute to it.

15 When I read through the first few paragraphs from the Drina Corps

16 commander, well, I must say that I was surprised by the catastrophic

17 nature of the decision. However, when I read through all the objectives,

18 and this is not something we could see in the excerpt, when I saw that

19 reference was made to the surrender, to breaking up the enemy and the

20 term -- the term "cleaning up" is used, and the enemy was in mind, well,

21 it was quite clear to me that the objectives were of a different nature.

22 When I read through the task assigned to the 1st Zvornik Brigade,

23 and this task doesn't contain any of these elements I have mentioned,

24 well, having done that, it's clear its unit can't and won't carry out

25 what Mr. Vanderpuye is trying to say is involved in the task. This is an

Page 30458

1 analysis of the entire directive up until this subsequent section. It

2 would also be good to have a look at the order from the battalion

3 commander or, rather, from the battalion -- from the brigade commander to

4 see how this matter was further dealt with.

5 MR. VANDERPUYE:

6 Q. General, why would this decision be catastrophic in any respect?

7 I am just asking because that's the translation we received.

8 A. Well, it would be catastrophic because it doesn't reflect the

9 objectives set forth in the best possible way. It doesn't reflect the

10 task that has to be carried out.

11 I gained the impression that the author - and this is a decision

12 from the corps commander - I gained the impression that the person who

13 drafted this wasn't taking into account the order in which things should

14 be done, and this isn't subject of military examinations. So the tasks

15 are a lot clearer. The objectives are a lot clearer. The task is very

16 precise. So it's a curious mixture here. But the task assigned to

17 subordinate units is important for me because it's the units that

18 implement Directive 6. Not you, not myself, nor does this depend on how

19 someone else understands the matter.

20 Q. We have a reference in the transcript to Directive 6. Is that

21 what you said?

22 A. Yes, but I had Directive number 4 in mind. I apologise. That's

23 the context that we are discussing. Thank you.

24 Q. I take it you disagree, then, with the testimony of one

25 Milenko Lazic who was put -- was shown this particular passage from

Page 30459

1 directive number -- from this particular order and who said it was

2 obvious that it came from the directive? That's at transcript

3 page 21831, lines 3 through 8. You disagree with that opinion.

4 A. If you're referring to Mr. Lazic, this Colonel, and you think he

5 was in the Drina Corps, he had a certain position there, I'm not quite

6 sure what the position was, and if he expressed this position on the

7 basis of an extract, well, I haven't heard his testimony. I haven't

8 heard what he said, but if that's what he said, then this only proves

9 that he didn't have a look at the entire context of everything and he

10 poorly understood the task assigned under Directive number 4. And it is

11 my impression that, in this way, he wanted in a certain manner to

12 rehabilitate the poor decision of his superior, and he didn't really see

13 that in the objectives and tasks assigned to subordinate units that

14 things were a lot clearer.

15 MR. VANDERPUYE: Can we have 65 ter 4147, please, in e-court.

16 This is another document from the command of the Drina Corps. It's dated

17 14 March 1993. It's entitled, "A combat order for further -- on further

18 action."

19 Q. And what I would like to do is I'd like to refer you first to

20 item number 1 which reads:

21 "Following the successful attacks by the corps forces, the enemy

22 forces suffered heavy losses, especially in personnel, in the general

23 areas of Srebrenica, Skelani, Bratunac, Cerska, and Konjevic Polje. They

24 also lost much of the territory they held before the start of the

25 attacks."

Page 30460

1 If we go down to the third paragraph, it reads:

2 "However, respectable enemy forces are still located in Pobudje,

3 Hrncici, Potocari, Srebrenica, and Osmace. According to available

4 information we believe that there are some 1500 to 2.000 Ustashas in the

5 area of Pobudje, Kravica and Glogova, and about 5.000 armed Ustashas in

6 the general area of Srebrenica and Osmace on.

7 "In addition to armed Ustashas in these areas, according to

8 available information, there are large numbers of unarmed persons, about

9 30.000 of them in the Srebrenica area and about -- and 25.000 to 30.000

10 in the Zepa area."

11 Did you have an opportunity to review this document in preparing

12 your expert report?

13 A. I've seen it but I didn't analyse it in detail.

14 Q. Is there any doubt in your mind, having reviewed this document,

15 that these 30.000 civilians in the -- 30.000 unarmed persons, I should

16 say because that's what the document reads, in Srebrenica area and 25.000

17 to 30.000 in the Zepa area, were the result of combat operations

18 conducted pursuant to Directive 4?

19 A. I apologise. There is something that I didn't understand. Here

20 it says that in the areas, according to the information available, there

21 are about 30.000 or, rather, 25.000 and 30.000 individuals in Zepa. Are

22 you asking whether this was the result of combat operations and the

23 result of Directive 4, something like that? I am not quite clear about

24 this.

25 Q. Yes, that's exactly what I am asking you.

Page 30461

1 A. Well, then ask me.

2 Q. In your expert opinion, General, these 30.000 unarmed people that

3 are referred to in this document that are in the area of Srebrenica, was

4 that the result of the campaigns that were undertaken after or pursuant

5 to Directive 4?

6 A. Not a single concrete operation can be undertaken based on a

7 directive. This has been told you to a million times. You know it only

8 too well but you keep on repeating this. A directive is a general

9 document. It's a guiding document, a directional document. In order to

10 have a concrete task you have to have an order. So if I were to rephrase

11 your question, the question should read as follows: Is this a result of

12 the order which was draft based on Directive 4, and then it would be a

13 militarily sensible and reasonable question that might yield an answer

14 that you are striving for.

15 Q. Since you posed it, why don't you answer it?

16 A. Shall we change places? What you have asked me just now, the

17 answer cannot be such from what you said because that question could be

18 termed -- well, I am a soldier -- oh, let's say it would be speculation.

19 Based on Directive 4, which was a directive for the activities of

20 the Army of Republika Srpska, the Drina Corps had its orders that it

21 implemented with its own orders in carrying out combat operations. In

22 one zone of those operations, under item 1, we can see "estimate," which

23 is rather probable as they say, that there are some six -- 65000 to 70000

24 combatants and that in two places there are -- actually, in one place

25 there's about 30 and in another place about 25.000 to 30.000 inhabitants.

Page 30462

1 The consequence, which is 25.000 to 30.000 inhabitants assessing in

2 context in all the operations, may be such that the units that are listed

3 through the combatants took the population with them and that population

4 was their shield, they dragged them along, which is a very common

5 occurrence. Therefore, what I am saying now is only what is probable.

6 In order to assess the position that you incorporated into your

7 question, or that I incorporated into mine, one would have to analyse the

8 situation in much more detail. However, based on what I analyse, my

9 position is much closer to the truth than yours, which means that the

10 masses of population were the -- a consequence of the armed activities of

11 the BiH army.

12 MR. VANDERPUYE: If I could 65 ter 4148 in e-court, please.

13 Q. This is another document. It is typed signed Milenko Zivanovic,

14 commander of the Drina Corps. It's dated 13 April 1993. It is addressed

15 to the Main Staff of the Republika Srpska morale, religious, and legal

16 affairs section, and I direct your attention to the second sentence which

17 refers to or reads as follows:

18 "You are well aware that a large number of civilians from

19 Srebrenica and other locations have found refuge in Srebrenica."

20 Now having -- first of all, have you seen this document before?

21 A. Well, you showed it to me yesterday, for example.

22 Q. Having had an opportunity to review this document, does this

23 document have anything to do with the campaigns that were conducted

24 following Directive 4?

25 A. This document obviously analyses causes and consequences within

Page 30463

1 Directive 4. This is correct. However, what I said a while ago --

2 little while ago, stands in connection with this document. You are

3 trying as hard as you can to prove that Directive 4 was an organised

4 expulsion of the population, and I am putting entirely different

5 arguments to you.

6 I don't want to use excerpts for a single moment. What I want to

7 use is the whole. It is true that active -- the enemy forces in

8 Srebrenica are in a very difficult position due to our active operations.

9 It is true that in Srebrenica there are a lot of civilians from

10 Srebrenica and from elsewhere, from the places from which they were

11 expelled. The question is how they found themselves there. This is a

12 question that you are trying to define through this as an answer.

13 Q. You're the expert. What's your answer?

14 A. Thank you. This is what I expected. This is what you should be

15 asking me. My answer here is that you are well aware of the fact that in

16 the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina the population mostly followed their

17 respective militaries and very often they followed their own military in

18 such a way that the military very often or sometimes could not discourage

19 it. They were persistent. And also you know that in some cases, such as

20 the cases of protected areas, the militaries used the population there as

21 their shield, as their logistical support, and as an ambiance from which

22 they were in the position to carry out other campaigns. Bearing in mind

23 the context, and I am very familiar with the context from its very

24 beginning to its very end, in my view after the combat activities in 1992

25 and the problems that were created by the 8th OG in that part of the

Page 30464

1 front line, after the major counter-offensives the 8th OG was scaring its

2 population. It was dragging the population with them and turned them

3 into a shield. That's how the masses of population were created. This

4 is best seen from the fact that not for single moment they allowed the

5 population to abandon these desperate situations in which they found

6 themselves. And this would be my complex answer in my capacity as an

7 expert.

8 MR. VANDERPUYE: If I could 65 ter 486, please, in e-court,

9 please. I think we need to go to page 7 of the document. One more page,

10 please. And if we could focus in on section E.

11 Q. General, this is a document that was published by the Economic

12 and Social Council of the United Nations. It's dated 5 May 1993. And

13 the section you have before you, Section E, under paragraph 30 and 31, it

14 reads as follows:

15 "In early March the estimated population of the enclave of

16 Srebrenica including the surrounding villages was 60.000, about half of

17 whom were said to be in the town itself. The pre-war population of the

18 town was estimated at about 7.000. The enclave had been under siege for

19 11 months. No humanitarian aid has been allowed in by Serb forces since

20 11 December 1992.

21 "Forcibly displaced people arrived in three ways, coinciding with

22 offensives by Serb forces from Vlasenica; then from

23 Cerska/Kamenica/Konjevic Polje; and finally from Osmace, Zeleni Jadar,

24 and other villages to the south of Srebrenica. It is estimated that

25 25.000 to 30.000 people arrived in Srebrenica from the Cerska area alone.

Page 30465

1 In addition, as the Srebrenica enclave itself fell to Serb forces, many

2 more people arrived throughout March and April."

3 First, have you had an opportunity to see this document before?

4 A. No, no.

5 Q. Then I take it you disagree with the factual accounting that is

6 given with respect to the population of Srebrenica in and around March

7 and April of 1995 -- 1993?

8 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Josse.

9 MR. JOSSE: How can this witness deal with that, I ask? And

10 secondly, are the Prosecution really inviting the opening up of this

11 complicated and difficult factual area of this case to this witness?

12 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes. Do you wish to comment, Mr. Vanderpuye.

13 MR. VANDERPUYE: No. I think it's a very straightforward issue

14 in respect of the witness's comments concerning the language of

15 Directive 4 and the other documents that I've shown him.

16 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, but I need to consult with my clients on this;

17 however, I would like to ask you -- with my colleagues, sorry, with my

18 colleagues. I'm sorry. However, I would like to ask you a question and

19 it's a matter of syllogism more than anything else.

20 First you asked him whether he had an opportunity to see this

21 document before, and his answer was "No."

22 Then your question is:

23 "Then I take it you disagree with the factual account that is

24 given ..." et cetera, et cetera, et cetera.

25 How can the conclusion be what you are suggesting if his answer

Page 30466

1 was, No, I have never seen this document before?

2 MR. VANDERPUYE: You're right as a grammatical error -- as a

3 grammatical issue. The question only stems from his previous answers.

4 Whether he's seen the document or not, the document --

5 JUDGE AGIUS: I understand -- I understand you better now.

6 [Trial Chamber confers]

7 JUDGE AGIUS: We are understanding the issue as follows: You put

8 a part, an extract from a document to the witness specifically asking him

9 whether he had read or he had come across this document before. His

10 answer was "No."

11 Now, he has read paragraph 30 of this document and you also

12 referred him, if I remember well, to paragraph 31, provided you detach

13 your -- and this is how we have understood your question now once you

14 have explained it. Provided you detach this -- detach your question

15 completely from the events which this paragraph specifically refers to in

16 a time -- in a time-frame, that is the events in 1992 and 1993, then you

17 can ask a general question. In other words, whether the witness agrees

18 or disagrees with displacement that this extract seems to point at or

19 point to. I don't know if I have made myself clear.

20 MR. VANDERPUYE: I think so and I'll try to --

21 JUDGE AGIUS: All right. In other words, if he hasn't read this

22 document, I don't think there is any point in asking him specifically on

23 those particular events. But those particular events seem or are meant

24 to indicate a pattern of events, and you can ask on that pattern of

25 events.

Page 30467

1 MR. VANDERPUYE:

2 Q. Having had an opportunity to hear both what Mr. President has

3 said and having had an opportunity to hear what is written in this

4 article, are you aware of the circumstances that are actually related in

5 this article concerning the civilian population in Srebrenica and their

6 relationship to the Cerska/Kamenica/Konjevic Polje and Vlasenica areas as

7 concerns campaigns that were conducted that resulted in their

8 displacement?

9 A. The second question was much more understandable. Although the

10 first question that you asked was very leading; you expected me not to

11 agree with the figure because it seems that you perceive me as a

12 representative of just one side. And I am going to repeat once again, I

13 am an expert and my expert report is based on professional reliability

14 and neutrality, and I based that on the fact that I was not a participant

15 in the events and there is nothing for me to hide.

16 As far as this document is concerned, in the interpretation

17 something was interesting, a sentence there, and that is that the Serbian

18 forces have entered an enclave and they have -- that the enclave had been

19 under siege for several months. This is how I heard it and I would like

20 you to either confirm it or dispel or -- this is what was translated to

21 me. The way I understood it or the way I noted the sentence -- the

22 sentence was that the enclave fell into the hands of the Serbian forces.

23 This is how I understood and noted the sentence as you were reading and

24 as it was interpreted to me.

25 Q. Are you able to give answer or do you want know read this all

Page 30468

1 back to you again?

2 A. Is this sentence in all that? This is what I want to know from

3 you.

4 Q. The sentence you may be referring to is:

5 "In addition, as the Srebrenica enclave itself fell to Serb

6 forces, many more people arrived throughout March and April."

7 Is that what you -- is that what you are referring to?

8 A. Yes.

9 Q. Does that enable you to answer the question?

10 A. No. This enables me not to understand the document. When was it

11 that on the 5th of May, 1993, the enclave fell into the hands of the Serb

12 forces. This is how you read the sentence back to me.

13 Q. All right. Since you are unable to answer the question, we will

14 just move on.

15 A. No, no. I can answer the question. And please, do not speculate

16 about my abilities or inabilities to do something. I put some

17 sub-questions to you in order to arrive at a clear question from you.

18 Let's put it very simply. I read in great detail the report of

19 the Secretary-General of the United Nations and now I've seen this text

20 that is in front of me and I've seen many other texts. I did not analyse

21 them for my expert report because this is the area that had nothing to do

22 with the expert report, and opening the area would require a completely

23 different approach to the exercise.

24 JUDGE AGIUS: General, we have been very patient throughout, but

25 you've gradually taken on a habit of reacting to the questions put to you

Page 30469

1 in a way which goes beyond answering the question and criticizing

2 Mr. Vanderpuye for asking you some questions. You need to stop this.

3 Mr. Vanderpuye here is doing his duty like everyone else. He's

4 got the right to put questions to you. If he puts questions which are

5 not proper, we ourselves will stop him. Otherwise, please refrain from

6 commenting on whether he should or shouldn't ask you such questions or

7 that -- criticizing the way that the questions are being put to you.

8 I hope I have made myself clear because ultimately we will

9 need -- okay, in other words, for example, you have no right to tell

10 Mr. Vanderpuye, You asked me a leading question. He has got every right

11 to put a leading question to you. So stick to answering the question and

12 nothing beyond that, please. Thank you.

13 Mr. Josse.

14 MR. JOSSE: Sorry. But of course if the witness can't answer the

15 question --

16 JUDGE AGIUS: That's another matter, obviously. He can refer to

17 us and we can protect the witness, as we have done before with every

18 other witness. Thank you.

19 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you, Mr. President.

20 Q. General, would you like me to repeat my question?

21 A. Yes, please, could you repeat your question.

22 Q. My question was having heard an opportunity to hear both what

23 Mr. President had said and having an had an opportunity to hear what is

24 written in the article, are you aware of the circumstances that are

25 actually related in this article concerning the civilian population in

Page 30470

1 Srebrenica and their relationship to the Cerska/Kamenica/Konjevic Polje

2 and Vlasenica areas as concerns campaigns that were conducted that

3 resulted in their displacement?

4 A. I am aware of the campaigns that were conducted over a long

5 period of time in that area. I did not recognise in those campaigns in

6 that area what you have just mentioned, which is a displacement campaign

7 or a campaign to displace people.

8 Q. Thank you.

9 MR. VANDERPUYE: If we could go to page -- I think it's page 13

10 of this same document.

11 JUDGE AGIUS: Can you tell us the date of this report?

12 MR. VANDERPUYE: It's dated 5 -- 5 May 1993.

13 JUDGE AGIUS: 5th May. Okay. Thank you.

14 MR. VANDERPUYE: All right. We need to go to paragraph 86. It

15 should be about five pages up. That's good. Thank you.

16 Q. And I'm just going to read to you the conclusion, paragraph 87.

17 In that paragraph it reads as follows:

18 "Massive and repeated violations of the Geneva Convention of 1949

19 were perpetrated in recent combat in Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina.

20 These were carried out by Serb forces in Cerska, Konjevic Polje, and

21 Srebrenica in attacking and ambushing civilians attempting to flee their

22 encirclement; in attacking the villages themselves; in refusing to allow

23 humanitarian aid to enter; in refusing to allow the evacuation of the

24 wounded; in attempting to link the above issues to the independent

25 question of freedom of movement for Serbs in Tuzla."

Page 30471

1 Are you aware of any of the circumstances that are related in

2 this part of the conclusion in this document?

3 A. The circumstances that prevailed in the area, yes, I am familiar

4 with them. I've perused a number of documents. I've seen a number of

5 documents.

6 Q. And the combat activities that this refers to, are they in any

7 way related to Directive 4?

8 A. It is impossible to tell based on one conclusion of one document

9 extracted from a whole and from combat activities in such a way.

10 Probably it did not arise from that directive. However, even the last

11 thing I said does not have any strong foundations. To put it simply, one

12 cannot expect such an analysis to yield a proper conclusion about that.

13 Q. I am not putting the question to you based on solely this

14 document; I am putting the question to you based upon your expertise

15 outside of what's contained in this document. Do you have knowledge of

16 the circumstances that are mentioned in this document outside of the

17 document, because I know you haven't seen it before.

18 A. I am familiar with that and the knowledge that I have I listed in

19 my expert report about the combat activities that took place in that area

20 and that are not comprised by this document. For some segments, I even

21 listed the incidents of such combat activities and their frequency.

22 Q. And based upon your examination of those documents, are you able

23 to say whether or not what I've read to you in this conclusion is in any

24 way related to Directive 4?

25 A. It's hard to say, but most probably this is not related to

Page 30472

1 Directive 4. Those were regular activities undertaken by the units that

2 were deployed in the area.

3 Q. I will take you to a different area, but related. In your report

4 at paragraph 144, you state that Directive 7/1 validated [sic]

5 Directive 7. Do you acknowledge that?

6 A. You're a little bit confused. I was a little perturbed by the

7 comment the Presiding Judge made a little while ago. But under 144 I

8 stated the following: Directive 7/1 gives an unnatural order to the

9 Drina Corps. That order was either accidentally or intentionally

10 incorporated, but it was invalidated. So at no point is it confirmed

11 that this task was, in fact, one that had to be carried out.

12 MR. VANDERPUYE: My colleague has pointed out to me that we have

13 a -- I think a mistranscription in the record. At line 24, my question

14 was that the paragraph stated that Directive 7/1 invalidated Directive 7,

15 not validated.

16 JUDGE AGIUS: That's clear enough. Thank you. Let's proceed.

17 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] I'll be precise once more and say

18 what there is there. Directive 7/1, in practice the order -- the task

19 that the supreme commander gave to the Drina Corps, well, this task was

20 invalidated. I stated quite clearly what had been invalidated or made

21 redundant and what hadn't been invalidated. I never said that

22 Directive 7/1 had been completely annulled, but I did refer to what had

23 been invalidated in Directive 7.

24 Q. Thank you for that, General. And in fact, what you said was:

25 "In practice, Directive number 7/1 invalidated an unnatural and

Page 30473

1 unacceptable task which the Commander-in-Chief had given to the

2 Drina Corps by Directive 7."

3 And tell us what you mean by an "unnatural and unacceptable

4 task"?

5 A. I think the interpreter found it a little difficult to interpret

6 what you said, but I think I understood the interpreter correctly. And

7 in this paragraph 144, I said that the task was unnatural and

8 unacceptable and that Directive 7/1 rendered the task null and void.

9 Q. What task in Directive 7 was unnatural and unacceptable?

10 A. Could I see Directive 7, please, either on the monitor or could I

11 have the text?

12 MR. VANDERPUYE: I think it's 65 ter 5.

13 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Yes. The task to the Drina Corps.

14 That's what I need.

15 MR. VANDERPUYE: I believe that's page 10 in the English. I

16 think it may be page 14 in the B/C/S -- 15.

17 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] I've got it up on the screen. It

18 is very precise. This is a directive from the supreme commander. This

19 means it's a document that was issued at the national level, and it was

20 intended for the strategic level in accordance with the directive. At

21 the beginning a task is assigned, and one can clearly see the

22 characteristics of the directive here. It has to do with its general

23 nature and with those it is addressed to.

24 The other elements of this task assigned to the Drina Corps that

25 concerns forces, cooperation, precision, and all these other elements,

Page 30474

1 all of these element are quite precisely defined, and on that basis the

2 commander can create his own decision and assign a task.

3 However, the part of the task that commences with the text, Use

4 every day planned and combat operations to create a climate of

5 insecurity, an intolerable climate, and to make it impossible for people

6 to continue living -- to make it impossible for the population in

7 Srebrenica and Zepa to continue living. Well, I added that this task

8 wasn't a military task.

9 The army doesn't have the forces or the equipment to carry out

10 such a task, and this is why this task is illogical. On the basis of all

11 the facts and on the base of analysis, this meant that the commander of

12 the VRS in Directive 7/1 assigned the Drina Corps a different task, a

13 task that could be carried out in a military manner.

14 MR. VANDERPUYE:

15 Q. And paragraph 44 [sic] of your report you say that Directive 7/1

16 invalidated this particular task that you've referred to regardless of

17 whether that task was inadvertent -- inadvertently or intentionally

18 inserted. Could you tell us how it could be -- a task like that could be

19 inadvertently inserted into this task assigned to the Drina Corps? Under

20 what scenario could that occur?

21 A. It would be difficult for me to tell you because having finished

22 all those military schools that I have mentioned and given all my

23 experience -- well, in light of all that experience, we never had such a

24 scenario. We never had such a case to deal with.

25 JUDGE KWON: Give me the para number again, please.

Page 30475

1 MR. VANDERPUYE: Of the report?

2 JUDGE KWON: Yes.

3 MR. VANDERPUYE: It is paragraph 144. Maybe I should put it on

4 the e-court --

5 JUDGE KWON: No, no, transcript said just 44.

6 MR. VANDERPUYE: Oh, thank you. It's paragraph 144. It's 5D759

7 is the exhibit number.

8 Q. General, I am only using your words, because that's what's in

9 paragraph 144 when you said:

10 "Regardless of whether the task was inadvertently or

11 intentionally inserted ..."

12 What did you mean when you said "inadvertently"? What did you

13 contemplate? What were you thinking about?

14 A. What I had in mind -- well, I had in mind what we discussed with

15 regard to Directive 7 for three or four days. How it came to be, I had

16 in mind the illogical elements of the directive. Yesterday I mentioned

17 illogical elements in the directive that had been printed out. I

18 mentioned the illogical nature of the contents of the directive that

19 weren't in accordance with any military documents of any kind and I based

20 myself on that, and I asked myself whether someone wanted to incorporate

21 this somewhere or not, whether it was placed there intentionally or not

22 intentionally, but its place is not there. Such tasks could not be

23 carried out and such tasks were never carried out.

24 MR. VANDERPUYE: As long as we have Directive 7 up, if we could

25 go to point 6.1. I believe that's 14 in the English; 19 in the B/C/S.

Page 30476

1 Q. I want to refer you to what is, in the English, the third

2 paragraph from the bottom which reads as follows:

3 "The relevant state military organs responsible for work with

4 UNPROFOR and humanitarian organisations shall through the planned and

5 unobtrusively restrictive issuing of permits, reduce, and limit the

6 logistics support of UNPROFOR to the enclaves and the supply of material

7 resources to the Muslim population, making them dependent on our goodwill

8 while at the same time avoiding condemnation by the international

9 community and international public opinion."

10 A. This paragraph can't be seen in the Serbian language on the

11 monitor.

12 Q. Thank you. We need to go to the next page, page 21. Can you see

13 it now at the top of the page, General?

14 A. [No interpretation]

15 Q. Did you mention this particular provision anywhere in your

16 report?

17 A. In my report I simply mentioned that item 6.1, in terms of its

18 contents or, rather, item 6 in terms of its contents was not part of the

19 work of the Special Administration for Operations and Training, and then

20 I briefly commented. And I have to find this now.

21 JUDGE AGIUS: Ms. Fauveau.

22 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] I'd just like to correct the

23 transcript on one point. On page 51, lines 7 through 9, the witness said

24 that point six -- [In English] [Previous translation continues] ...

25 Special Administration for Operation and Training was not work of the

Page 30477

1 staff and especially of the Administration for Operation and Training.

2 JUDGE AGIUS: Okay. Thank you. You take that as correct,

3 Mr. Vanderpuye.

4 MR. VANDERPUYE: Yes, Mr. President.

5 JUDGE AGIUS: You may proceed. Thank you.

6 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] I haven't particularly dealt with

7 item 6 in the report; although, I analysed it when preparing to draft the

8 report. If I find it, I will comment on it.

9 MR. VANDERPUYE:

10 Q. You said that you reviewed a number of documents. Did you not

11 review documents indicating General Miletic's signature with respect to

12 managing or dealing with UNPROFOR convoys, in particular?

13 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, one moment before you answer. Yes,

14 Madam Fauveau.

15 MS. FAUVEAU: [Interpretation] Could my learned colleague please

16 specify the document. If it's the document that I am thinking of, we

17 received it on the 25th of July, far after the report was drafted.

18 JUDGE AGIUS: You think actually refer straight to the

19 document straightaway.

20 MR. VANDERPUYE: He --

21 JUDGE AGIUS: Thanks, Madam Fauveau.

22 MR. VANDERPUYE: I'm not referring to a particular document. He

23 said that he reviewed a number of documents with General Miletic's

24 signature on them, and I am asking him whether or not he reviewed any

25 documents indicating any dealings whatsoever General Miletic may have had

Page 30478

1 with UNPROFOR as regards UNPROFOR convoys.

2 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, General, if you could provide us with your

3 answer.

4 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Yes, I can answer that. Whatever I

5 saw with regard to that matter had the characteristics of information. I

6 think I have mentioned quite explicitly the documents I consulted, and

7 you have it in the report.

8 MR. VANDERPUYE:

9 Q. Having reviewed documents that indicate General Miletic's

10 participation in the decision-making regarding the approving of

11 humanitarian aid and the passage of convoys, as you have indicated in

12 paragraph 190 of your report, is there any particular reason why you

13 chose not to quote or expressly analyse the provision of point 6.1 of

14 Directive 7 as I have just put it to you?

15 A. What you can see under item 190, well, I answered that question.

16 You can find this in item 191. It's very precisely stated there.

17 Providing security for combat operations is an activity that is not the

18 responsibility of these bodies I mentioned. I didn't analyse this in

19 detail in the written text. I think there was a comment but I examined

20 the order in detail.

21 To understand all the aspects of the order, the similarities to

22 other orders or other directives, the differences, et cetera, and I did

23 this in order to compare it to cases such as this, for example, the

24 hearing or the cross-examination, whatever it's called.

25 Q. So you concede that General Miletic participated in the

Page 30479

1 decision-making regarding the approval of humanitarian aid and passage of

2 convoys?

3 A. No, and I never said that.

4 Q. Let me read to you what your report says, because maybe you

5 haven't had a chance to look at it in a little while. It says, and I

6 quote:

7 "Major Radivoje -- General -- Major General Radivoje Miletic

8 participated in decision-making regarding the approving of humanitarian

9 aid and the passage of convoys."

10 So that's what you said, General. And that's true, based upon

11 your analysis, isn't it?

12 A. Your Honours, this is the first time I am asking you to protect

13 me as an expert witness from running around in circles. I am asking you

14 to do this as a human being, as an expert. The link between item 190 and

15 191 is something that I have discussed at least five or six times in this

16 courtroom, and this matter is being taken out of context again.

17 I'll repeat what I said if necessary. 190 is an item that is

18 explained in item 191, too. This cannot be taken out of context, and I

19 was very precise about that and I am repeating what I have already said,

20 that an information note was never a decision. That wasn't the case in

21 any of the systems in force, whatever one may attempt to do.

22 [Trial Chamber confers]

23 MR. VANDERPUYE: Could I have 5D759 in e-court, please. I'm

24 sorry, Mr. President?

25 JUDGE AGIUS: Let's continue. Let's proceed. 5D759.

Page 30480

1 MR. VANDERPUYE: It is page 85 in the English; page 67 in B/C/S.

2 I think we need to go one page back in the English, though.

3 Q. Now we have it in e-court so everybody can see what paragraph 100

4 says, and what it refers to is decision-making. Paragraph 191, that

5 you've repeatedly alluded to, refers to the character of an order

6 concerning the notifications or lack -- lack of such character.

7 What I am asking you about, General, and I'll be explicit about

8 it, is to tell us what you mean when you say "decision-making process"

9 because a decision-making process is not an order. And so paragraph 191

10 doesn't speak to the question of paragraph 190 in terms of

11 decision-making. So tell us what you mean.

12 A. What I have in mind, what I stated here is something I have shown

13 clearly -- or, rather, I didn't show it, I included it in figure 9. And

14 there it says that the process of the work of the command when taking

15 decisions -- well, it is such that you take the decision, then you relay

16 the decision and you control the implementation of the decision.

17 When relaying the decision, you transfer or relay information,

18 and when you do so, you are participant in that procedure. That's

19 why 191, item 191 related to figure 9 and the process of the working

20 method of the command and it also had to do with how one arrived at the

21 decision. Taking a decision is a complex matter.

22 Q. In what manner did General Miletic participant in this

23 decision-making process? What did he do, based upon your expert analysis

24 of the documents you reviewed?

25 A. As it says and as I have said, he was included in the final stage

Page 30481

1 of the process which involved a process that is well defined here. He

2 signed notifications that did not have the character of orders.

3 Q. How could a notification about a decision be part of the

4 decision-making, General? How could that be?

5 A. First we have to understand what a decision is. A decision is

6 not a single sentence or a single paragraph. A decision isn't a single

7 document. A decision is a system of documents, of notifications, of

8 reports, and of controls; and when you understand that these are the

9 elements that a decision contains, then you will see that in this process

10 notifications represent an important element of the way the entire

11 procedure functions.

12 Q. What you're telling us is that he just put it in the mail; is

13 that right, General?

14 A. The officer, warrant officer, put it in the mail. He relayed the

15 notification, and having signed it, the notification became part of the

16 procedure.

17 Q. Did you have an opportunity to look at the documents that are

18 related to Operation Sadejstvo 95?

19 A. Yes. I did have the opportunity to do so and I have said so

20 here.

21 Q. And Operation Sadejstvo is specifically referenced in

22 Directive 7?

23 A. Yes.

24 Q. And you had an opportunity to review the work-plan associated

25 with that operation?

Page 30482

1 A. Did I have an opportunity? I did not understand your question,

2 I'm sorry.

3 Q. Did you have an opportunity to review the work-plan in relation

4 to that operation?

5 A. Unfortunately, I did not have an occasion to get familiar with

6 any work-plans for any of the directives, nor with anything that goes

7 with such documents. If I had had such an occasion, then my expert

8 report would not have the words "probably," "most probably." Judging by

9 all available elements, this should be the case in many of the bullet

10 points of my expert report.

11 Q. Did you ask for those documents, General, at any point during the

12 preparation or prior to the preparation of your report?

13 A. I asked for all the documents that you had, the Defence teams

14 have, the Trial Chambers have, and I was then to classify all the

15 documents consistently with my method of work and with the requirements

16 of my expert report. Among all the documents I was provided with, I did

17 not find any such document in my process of work.

18 MR. VANDERPUYE: Could I have in e-court, please, 65 ter 4202.

19 Q. What you should before you is a document entitled, "List of

20 documents of the Sadejstvo 95 offensive operation plan," dated

21 26 April 1995 and is signed by or submitted by, it reads,

22 Colonel Radivoje Miletic. And what it does is it lists accompanying

23 documents for that plan and it's addressed to the 1st Krajina Corps

24 command.

25 Item 1, lists of documents to the Sadejstvo 95 offensive

Page 30483

1 operation; 2, it lists the Sadejstvo 95 offensive operation plan, graphic

2 representation; then it lists an offensive operation plan text form; at

3 4, it lists cryptographic data protection documents; 5, order for

4 engineering; 6, order for intelligence support; 7, intelligence support

5 plan; 8, plan of moral and psychological support for the operation; 9,

6 support -- security support plan.

7 What I would like to do is I would like to show you first number

8 3 --

9 MR. VANDERPUYE: And that would be 65 ter 4204.

10 Q. Under item 1.1(b) we will see that it reads:

11 "By conducting Operation Sadejstvo 95, improve the VRS

12 operational and strategic position, shorten the front line, liberate the

13 forces for maneuver thus creating realistic conditions for the full

14 performance of tasks from Directive number 7."

15 Does that suggest to you, sir, that Directive 7/1 did not

16 invalidate the tasks in Directive 7?

17 A. I never said that it invalidated the tasks. I never wrote that

18 it invalidated the tasks. I was precise only in saying that the task

19 given to the Drina Corps originally was subsequently corrected and made

20 null and void. It seems to me that in the textual part of my report I

21 also wrote that some tasks to be given to or that had been given to other

22 corps were never dealt with in this directive because it went without

23 saying that those tasks were being implemented without any further

24 explanations.

25 Q. There was nothing in Directive 7/1 that says it invalidates or

Page 30484

1 supercedes any tasks that are assigned in Directive 7, is there?

2 A. Not correct. In order to answer this question one has to

3 understand the essence of command. When the commander of an operational

4 system receives two directives - and you will find that written precisely

5 in my expert report - which are of a general nature, he cannot implement

6 both. And by the nature of his task, the commander will then implement

7 the task that he received last because it sub-surmises all the other

8 things. It is never the case that one unit can carry out two general

9 tasks or two general directives at the same time.

10 Q. Well, you did point out in your report that that related to

11 inconsistent tasks, did you not? The rule applies to inconsistent tasks.

12 A. I don't think -- said -- that I wrote this in this way. Let me

13 find it. I think that I wrote what happened -- what happens when the

14 commander receives two -- when he receives two tasks and two directives,

15 what happens then. Then he implements the last directive that he

16 received, and I said that precisely somewhere, and I am now going to find

17 it for you in the text.

18 Q. While you're looking for that, General --

19 MR. VANDERPUYE: I am going to ask if I said in e-court, please,

20 4208 and that relates to the plan for moral and psychological support for

21 the operation.

22 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Josse.

23 MR. JOSSE: Bearing in mind this question, I think we'd better

24 take a break now, please, Your Honour, because my client has absented

25 himself again.

Page 30485

1 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes -- okay.

2 MR. JOSSE: This shouldn't proceed in his absence.

3 JUDGE AGIUS: All right. Fair enough. We will have a break.

4 Anyway, we are only five minutes away from the break. 25 minutes once

5 more please. Thank you.

6 --- Recess taken at 5.40 p.m.

7 --- On resuming at 6.10 p.m.

8 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Vanderpuye.

9 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you, Mr. President. I think we had an

10 exhibit in e-court. I have a hard copy of this available to the -- for

11 the expert. Perhaps that might be -- might make it easier for him to see

12 it.

13 Q. General, what you have in front of you is the plan of moral and

14 psychological support for the Operation Sadejstvo.

15 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Josse.

16 MR. JOSSE: I think the witness should take his headphones off

17 for a moment. I'm sorry.

18 JUDGE AGIUS: I think so, too. General. Thank you.

19 MR. JOSSE: We tried to sort this out during the break. The

20 Prosecution have been very cooperative and have given me what answers

21 that they can. Can we make it clear that we do not at this point accept

22 what has just been said, that this document relates to the operation.

23 What is not in dispute - its a double negative about to come up - I'll --

24 sorry. Let me start again.

25 It is not in dispute that this document does not mention

Page 30486

1 Sadejstvo; in other words, it does not mention Sadejstvo 95. There is no

2 question about that. And there is no date upon it, I am also told. So

3 the proposition in the question is not accepted. How we should proceed

4 from here is perhaps a matter for the Prosecution. I accept they are

5 entitled to ask the witness about it, but they need to make that clear.

6 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Vanderpuye. No, please respond to -- no,

7 because I saw you looking at the General --

8 MR. VANDERPUYE: I was just checking to see if his headphones

9 were on.

10 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, yes. Okay.

11 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you, Mr. President.

12 Mr. President, we have had an opportunity to review these

13 documents and we've spoken with Mr. Josse and explained to him the

14 circumstances under which the particular document I am putting to the

15 witness was arrived at. We have a good faith basis for the question that

16 I've put to the witness because this document was in a sequence of

17 documents that are directly related to Sadejstvo 95. These documents

18 also match up to the plan that I displayed before the witness immediately

19 before I -- immediately before I put this document on -- in e-court. It

20 was 65 ter 4202, and it listed a series of nine documents that correspond

21 to that plan.

22 It is our position that this is one of those documents. And

23 furthermore, I believe it is certainly within the ken of this expert --

24 this expert's testimony and experience to be able to comment upon the

25 document, in any event, in terms of its documents.

Page 30487

1 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, and what would your question be to the

2 witness?

3 MR. VANDERPUYE: I actually have several questions for the

4 witness, but what this document does it is it outlines, A, who's

5 responsible -- who is the responsible person for putting together this

6 plan for moral and psychological support for this operation, in our view

7 which is Sadejstvo, but any operation, for example, and in particular,

8 issues relating to what those responsibilities are. For example, and I

9 can tell you quite candidly, the document talks about consideration for

10 the plan of moral and psychological support for the operation, the role

11 and tasks of the person responsible for its implementation, and then it

12 will indicate -- in this case, it indicates the commander -- assistant

13 commander for morale, religious, and legal affairs. It talks about

14 informing the public of combat operations of the VRS, and it talks about

15 the types of activities that are associated with that. It talks about

16 psychological and propaganda activities aimed at the enemy, which was the

17 subject directly, I think, of 6.1 in Directive 7, and it talks about the

18 means and the process involved in that.

19 And so these are the questions that I intend to put to the

20 witness in respect of this document.

21 JUDGE AGIUS: Okay. Let me consult with my colleagues, please.

22 [Trial Chamber confers]

23 JUDGE AGIUS: Okay. Again we are perfectly in agreement here.

24 We have taken note of your comment for the record, Mr. Josse. I suppose

25 Mr. Vanderpuye has done the same. Otherwise, the question is perfectly

Page 30488

1 legitimate. I suppose you also need to put to the witness that according

2 to the Prosecution this is a document that refers to -- but that's

3 according to the Prosecution, so ultimately he can come up immediately

4 with telling you, No, I don't agree. So that's the position. Go ahead.

5 General.

6 Mr. Vanderpuye.

7 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you, Mr. President.

8 Q. General, what you have before you is the plan of moral and

9 psychological support for the operation that the Prosecution believes to

10 be Sadejstvo 1995, Sadejstvo 95. And I want to put some questions to you

11 in particular with respect to what is designated as the functions and the

12 responsibilities as concerns this plan.

13 If we look at item number 1, we can see that item number 1,

14 subject, it says:

15 "Consideration of the plan of moral and psychological support for

16 the operation, the role and tasks of the persons responsible for its

17 implementation."

18 Here -- and you can see under column 5 that that designates the

19 assistant commander for moral guidance, religious and legal affairs.

20 That would be correct; isn't that right?

21 A. If I may I would like to say that from the previous session I am

22 still due to present a point from my expert report. You said that while

23 I was looking for that point you would prepare this document that you are

24 now showing to me. If that is no longer of importance, then I suppose I

25 don't have to show it to you. At least that's how we left it off. I

Page 30489

1 don't know what to do now.

2 Q. You're referring to the issue of which do you follow, the

3 directive or the subsequent order?

4 A. Well, the question was about how to proceed when two directives

5 arrive, and when I said that I defined this very precisely in my expert

6 report, your reply to that was, While you are searching for that point, I

7 am going to prepare something else.

8 I believe that now is the right moment to deal with that point

9 and do away with it, and then to move on to what you are asking me now.

10 Thank you.

11 In point 141 of the directive, which is short therefore I propose

12 that I should read it, so it does not have to appear on the screen. It

13 says very precisely:

14 "Given the fact that part of the task that the supreme commander

15 provided to the Drina Corps is inappropriate in military terms, the

16 commander of the Main Staff of the Army of Republika Srpska formally

17 elaborated and basically changed the task previously given to the

18 Drina Corps."

19 It is a well-known position in the army when several orders

20 arrive that are in contradiction, one is duty-bound to carry out the last

21 arriving order. Your Honour, if there was no such precise regulation, a

22 lot of the units would still be carrying out the first task, and whenever

23 they received any subsequent tasks, their answer would be, I am still on

24 my first mission, I can't move on.

25 Such a precise definition of the order and the tasks provides for

Page 30490

1 the execution of tasks and unity of command, and this is the explanation

2 of what happens when two directives arrive. The two directives cannot

3 simultaneously prevail in any of the commands, units or systems of the

4 military.

5 And now I can answer the question that you have just put to me

6 now. First it says "Commander" in column 5, and then, "Assistant

7 commander for morale, religious, and legal affairs." The fact that it

8 says "Commander," although I am not an expert for this part of military

9 activities, this means very precisely that the commander is responsible

10 for all the plans and everything in the units, and for the part after

11 that, the responsible person is the assistant for morale, religious, and

12 legal affairs. As a professional organ that elaborates the matter

13 further.

14 Second of all, a list disappeared from the screen very quickly.

15 As a professional, I am saying that this should contain the code-name why

16 the plan of morale and psychological support for the operation has been

17 drafted. In the right-hand column, it should say either "Sadejstvo" or

18 "Spreca" or anything else. It says here only "Attachment 8"

19 "Attachment 2." What we should see here would be the code-name of the

20 relevant operation.

21 Q. So it's correct that the assistant commander for moral guidance,

22 religious, and legal affairs should be named as a person responsible for

23 this plan; right?

24 A. Yes. He's the one who actually drafted the plan.

25 MR. VANDERPUYE: If we could go to item number 3, please. I

Page 30491

1 believe that's the next page of both documents. No -- all right. It's

2 page 1 of the B/C/S. It's page 2 of the English.

3 Q. With respect to item number 3, General, the subject of that is

4 informing the public about VRS, combat readiness, and activities of the

5 unit. And in respect of that subject, the persons designated as

6 responsible are assistants for moral guidance, religious, propaganda and

7 information. Does that correct to you?

8 A. What it says here is an erroneously interpreted abbreviation.

9 The abbreviation stands for assistant commanders for morale, religious,

10 and legal affairs. Assistant commanders.

11 Q. What does CIPPD stand for?

12 A. This abbreviation may be expanded as Centre for Information and

13 Propaganda, or something to that effect. I really don't know what it

14 means. It is probably a centre, but since I've already told you I never

15 saw the organisational development of the military, I don't know the

16 exact name of this unit, but it may as well be a centre. Centre for

17 Information, Propaganda, and Psychological Activities, but this is only

18 in realm of assumptions. It doesn't have to be that way.

19 Q. All right. Let's go to point number 4 -- well, before we leave

20 number 3, I'm sorry. It is correct that the subject, informing the

21 public about VRS combat readiness and activities of the units, is an

22 appropriate subject for this type of a plan, that is, a moral and

23 psychological support plan?

24 A. I have to highlight something that I've already said several

25 times. I am not an expert on the development of this plan. It has its

Page 30492

1 rules, how it's done. It has the rule of the work dynamics, the exact

2 items that have to be incorporated. The only thing that I, as an expert,

3 had to analyse was the course of combat activities, because I thought

4 that this had been taken from somebody else's competencies, but then I

5 revised that it belonged here. I am not the best suited person to tell

6 you whether this is in the spirit of regulations and whether it comprises

7 everything that it should comprise.

8 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Josse.

9 MR. JOSSE: Can the witness take his headphones off --

10 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes.

11 MR. JOSSE: -- I am very sorry.

12 JUDGE AGIUS: General, once more. Thank you. Yes, Mr. Josse.

13 MR. JOSSE: Could we endorse those remarks from this witness. We

14 submit that this is a blatant attempt to cross-examine this man on the

15 basis that they are not going to have an opportunity to cross-examine our

16 expert.

17 This document appeared on this list overnight. It wasn't on the

18 list yesterday. It rouses our suspicions as the submissions we have been

19 making as to why we were not anxious to disclose our hand. The witness

20 has said it with no prompting whatsoever from us, and we submit the Court

21 should say to the Prosecution, Ask him about what he knows about, by all

22 means, but not about things which are clearly outside the scope of his

23 expertise as he has just made clear.

24 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes. Thank you, Mr. Josse. Do you wish to

25 comment, Mr. Vanderpuye?

Page 30493

1 MR. VANDERPUYE: Mr. President, this witness has repeatedly and

2 throughout his report referenced work plans, referenced the process by

3 which directives are developed, referenced the necessity for contributing

4 organs to participate in that process, and in respect of that he has made

5 certain conclusions as to General Miletic's involvement in the drafting

6 of Directive number 7, which is obviously a very central issue. He's

7 also made remarks concerning General Gvero's potential contribution to

8 that instrument.

9 This goes directly to the heart of this witness's ability to put

10 forward expert testimony concerning the work-plans that were followed,

11 the method of work that was employed, the methodology of the work that

12 was followed in the VRS in terms of creating directives and in terms of

13 implementing directives. And so this is an entirely appropriate line of

14 questioning considering also that the basis upon which Mr. Krgovic

15 examined this witness in order to distance General Gvero from any

16 contribution to Directive 7 was based upon the nature and the type of

17 information that 6.1 of that directive calls for, that is, the

18 psychological and moral support section of that document. This goes

19 directly to the heart of what it is that organ is supposed to be doing

20 and whether or not what this document shows is consistent with what

21 appears in Directive 7.

22 JUDGE AGIUS: All right. That's your point of view, but on the

23 other hand every witness tells you, "I am not the best suited person to

24 tell you whether this is and it's dispute of regulations and whether it

25 comprises everything that it should comprise." And before that he has

Page 30494

1 also told you, "I am not an expert on the development of this plan, if it

2 has its rules, how it's done."

3 Where do we go from there? The whole thing is that I would

4 expect the witness to say, "I am not qualified to answer this question."

5 And you move to your next question. But he is not doing that, so in

6 other words I am not blaming you, and I can understand also the way the

7 witness is trying to fill up his answers when he is faced with difficult

8 questions like this one. But on the other hand, if he tells us I am not

9 qualified to answer this question, where do you go from there?

10 Shall we proceed?

11 MR. VANDERPUYE: Mr. President --

12 JUDGE AGIUS: He's answered you more or less. I don't think

13 under the circumstances you can proceed with the same matter unless you

14 are not satisfied with the truthfulness of his answer in which case you

15 can contest that. But other -- beyond that, I don't think you can go.

16 MR. VANDERPUYE: If you would bear with me for a moment, I would

17 like to confer with my colleague.

18 [Prosecution Counsel Confer]

19 MR. VANDERPUYE: If I may address the Court, Mr. President.

20 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, of course, Mr. Vanderpuye.

21 MR. VANDERPUYE: Mr. President, this witness has offered rather

22 extensive testimony on his direct examination and on his

23 cross-examination with respect to these fundamental issues, his concerns,

24 the process -- work process, et cetera, as related to the drafting of

25 directives and implementation of directives and th relative roles of

Page 30495

1 responsibilities of the participants in that work process. He has

2 answered a number of questions that have been put to him by Mr. Krgovic

3 as well as a number of questions that have been put to him by

4 Ms. Fauveau, and you've heard these answers --

5 JUDGE AGIUS: We are aware of that.

6 MR. VANDERPUYE: It's our position that at this position for this

7 witness to now suddenly claim - and I do mean suddenly claim - that he's

8 not in a position to answer a question about whether or not propaganda

9 aimed at -- aimed at the enemy, for example, is an appropriate subject

10 matter falling within the organ of morale, religious and legal affairs,

11 it is simply not credible. It's not believable and that's the reason why

12 I am continuing to put these questions to this witness. And I think that

13 he has at certain points been cooperative in answering questions; and at

14 other points he's been, frankly, belligerent about answering questions,

15 and I don't -- we don't accept his statement that he's now claiming that

16 he's not an expert in these areas.

17 MR. JOSSE: Your Honour, could I say this is a bizarre situation

18 because in one sense we agree with Mr. Vanderpuye. We are not asserting

19 that this gentleman's a credible witness, obviously, and those

20 representing Miletic are, and that's understandable, but this is a

21 completely bizarre situation. But if he really takes that view -- the

22 jurisdiction I come from, he should put it to the witness robustly and

23 say, You're -- you're -- this is what you are now doing.

24 JUDGE AGIUS: Exactly. I mean there is no more place and space

25 for mixing up submissions and what Mr. Josse has just pointed out now.

Page 30496

1 If, as you put it to us, you are not believing the assertion or the

2 statement made by the witness in reply to your last question, on the

3 basis of what you have explained to us, then you are free to face him

4 with that but be specific and go for the kill, if necessary.

5 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you, Mr. President.

6 JUDGE AGIUS: Otherwise, keep it as a submission for later. I

7 mean, we are in a perfectly -- in a perfect position to weigh the entire

8 testimony of every witness because we pay attention to what is being

9 stated and what applies to this witness applies to every other witness.

10 MR. VANDERPUYE: Thank you, Mr. President.

11 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, General.

12 MR. VANDERPUYE:

13 Q. General, you've commented in your report and in your testimony

14 about the work plans that were implemented and followed by the VRS with

15 respect to directives and orders, et cetera. And with respect to that

16 testimony, it's fair to say, given what you've said now, that you are not

17 an expert in that area at all?

18 A. Are you referring to the field of planning?

19 Q. I'm referring to the field of planning in respect of the report

20 that you generated concerning the contributions that are made by

21 respective organs of the General Staff to the creation of a directive.

22 Main Staff. I'm sorry if I have misspoken.

23 A. No problem, unless it's a problem for the transcript. Given the

24 material made available and presented to the Tribunal and in my CV and

25 the list of works, you can find among other things my reference to

Page 30497

1 military management or, rather, command. If we try to refresh our

2 memories, the first process in military management or in command is

3 planning. That's my natural activity, and so on that basis that I dealt

4 with development and organisation, and it's on that basis that we dealt

5 with functioning.

6 However, within the context of that planning -- well, this wasn't

7 a sphere of activity for myself or my organs. As an expert, I dealt with

8 the organisation of military hospitals, but I never discussed operations,

9 the method of operating --

10 JUDGE AGIUS: I'm not happy with the interpretation. I am not

11 happy in the sense I am not criticizing the interpreters. I want to make

12 sure that I have understood what the witness has said or that -- or that

13 what he has said has completely been translated to us.

14 Here I have:

15 "However within the context of that planning -- well, this wasn't

16 a sphere of activity for myself or the organs. As an expert I dealt with

17 the organisation of military hospitals, but I never discussed operations,

18 the method of operating."

19 Is this -- does this reflect completely what you wanted to tell

20 us, General, or what you said? Or do you wish to explain it further?

21 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Yes, that perfectly reflects what I

22 said. We dealt with the organisation of organs for morale,

23 psychological, legal, and religious affairs. We dealt with the way they

24 were functionally linked up. We dealt with the number of actors they

25 had. We will dealt with the number of responsibilities they had and how

Page 30498

1 they were distinct from others, but I never dealt with the contents of

2 their work itself.

3 JUDGE AGIUS: That's his answer, Mr. Vanderpuye.

4 MR. VANDERPUYE:

5 Q. If you never dealt with the contents of their work, how can you

6 exclude, for example, General Gvero as a contributor to 6.1 of

7 Directive 7 based upon its content? How do you do that as an expert,

8 sir?

9 A. Can you tell me which example I provided you with and then I can

10 provide you with an precise answer. If I said that it's his sphere of

11 activity, well, it's his. If I said it's his sphere of activity, I am

12 not talking about things were done. Give me an example. Organisation --

13 or the organs for organisation can locate where certain activities are

14 carried out, but they are not responsible for analysing the quality of

15 the operations carried out, and that's the essential distinction that has

16 to be made.

17 Q. What you said in response to my colleague Mr. Krgovic's question,

18 on page 30244 of this transcript is that:

19 "Not only does it not correspond with this element of support,"

20 speaking of this entire paragraph 6.1 of Directive 7. "Not only does it

21 not correspond with this element for support," meaning morale, religious,

22 and legal affairs, "for this kind of support for a combat operation, this

23 entire paragraph is not in keeping with its purpose."

24 That paragraph describes specific actions to be undertaken in

25 relation to the dissemination of information, in relation to contact with

Page 30499

1 international organisations, UNPROFOR, et cetera. You've distinguished

2 that on the basis of its content. I am asking you whether or not you

3 consider yourself sufficiently expert enough to make that kind of a

4 determination when you can't even answer the question about whether or

5 not informing the public about the VRS combat readiness and activities of

6 the units is properly within the organ of -- under General Gvero's

7 command?

8 A. Four questions. I will start with the first one. When I

9 analysed item 6, support for combat operations, well, I was very precise

10 and I said that item 6 has its structure, it's very own structure, and

11 that structure is the element that the organs for planning have to be

12 familiar with. They have to be familiar with item 6 with regard to this

13 element. 6.1 has to do with information, intelligence, self-protection,

14 combat engineering, moral and psychological support, and logistics

15 support. This is elementary information that one has to have to know

16 something about the support for the combat operations.

17 When I read through the item, support for combat operations, then

18 I saw that under moral and psychological support other activities are

19 mentioned, and someone who has a certain elementary knowledge, I said

20 that this isn't in the right place. Not in any case did I -- not in any

21 case did I assess the contents with regard to the material you have

22 referred to. The material you gave me as a retired military expert as

23 someone who has worked on a number of studies, with regard to that

24 material I can provide you with my professional opinion. It's not the

25 opinion of a layman. However, at this point in time I am making a

Page 30500

1 distinction between that opinion and the opinion of an expert, and I

2 believe that for you and your Tribunal, if you want a detailed analysis

3 of the contents you need an expert to deal with these elements, with this

4 element.

5 What I said had to do with the person who was responsible. I

6 said I had no reliable information according to which the plan for the

7 psychological and moral support was part of the Operation Sadejstvo 95

8 because it has a precise designation. We can discuss things at length.

9 You'll have the appearance of a General, I can present you with the

10 opinions of a General, but not with the opinions of someone who is an

11 expert on this particular matter.

12 I am very precise and very clear.

13 Q. If you are not an expert in being able to determine what properly

14 falls within the jurisdiction or competence of one organ of the

15 Main Staff, how do you propose to be an expert to comment upon what falls

16 within the jurisdiction or competence of another administration,

17 department, whatever you want to call it, of the Main Staff? How do you

18 propose to distinguish between those two aspects in terms of your

19 expertise?

20 A. I am under a lot of pressure.

21 JUDGE AGIUS: General, if you are feeling tired and you wish to

22 stop, we can stop here for today and continue tomorrow. I don't want you

23 to feel -- answer a question -- questions when you feel under pressure.

24 THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] I am not under that kind of

25 pressure, but I have to accept certain conclusions, certain language, for

Page 30501

1 example, you're an expert, you're not an expert, and so on and so forth,

2 and then I have to answer in a manner that won't irritate you because,

3 above all, I want to make a contribution here. That's my main mission.

4 The question has confused two issues: First of all, the fact

5 that I am an expert, and that has been demonstrated. It has been checked

6 by NATO representatives. Two, I know how to organise and recognise

7 functional responsibilities of all organisational units in an army. But

8 I am not an expert, and this is natural because I don't deal with all

9 matters, I am not an expert in assessing how certain functional

10 responsibilities are carried out in certain organisational units.

11 What I analysed under item 6 had to do with the first domain. I

12 just made a distinction, and this relates to the domain of contents.

13 There is absolutely no dilemma about this.

14 MR. VANDERPUYE:

15 Q. If you don't know how functional responsibilities are carried

16 out, how can you possibly comment on what it is that General Miletic was

17 doing in July 1995? Because whatever it is he was doing is functional by

18 definition.

19 A. I have a plan for moral and psychological support for the

20 operation before me. I was quite precise about that. The organisational

21 work of the staff, of the command of the operational staff organs is an

22 integral part of every military academy. These are subjects that are

23 dealt with in all military academies, in military academies I went

24 through, and it's part of my duties to deal with this. There's no

25 dilemma about this.

Page 30502

1 As for moral and psychological support, well, I never we went to

2 a school that dealt with this and it's not part of my duty. So let's

3 make a distinction. An expert on organisation, an expert on management,

4 an expert on planning, an expert on human resources, this is what I dealt

5 with, for example, such a person is not by definition, as you would

6 expect, an expert on moral and psychological support, on intelligence

7 support, on logistics support, on finance, or on anything else.

8 Q. So when you say, for example, that General Miletic's involvement

9 with UNPROFOR in terms of the decision-making process concerning

10 approvals of convoys, you are talking about that from a purely

11 theoretical point of view. You don't know what he actually does or what

12 he's supposed to do, because that would be his functional responsibility

13 and you've told us that you are not an expert in that?

14 A. I never said that.

15 Q. That's right. You haven't said that. So I am asking you a

16 pretty basic question about what it is that a person that's assistant

17 commander for moral guidance, religious, and legal affairs ought to be

18 doing or what he oversees in terms of a plan for moral and psychological

19 support?

20 And if the answer is "I don't know," just tell us so.

21 A. The basis is precise. I know that such a person has to have a

22 plan for moral and psychological support for the operation. As for the

23 contents of the plan, that's not my subject and I am not familiar with

24 the contents of the plan. So I know that such a person has to create a

25 plan, but I don't know what the contents of that plan might be. That's

Page 30503

1 precise.

2 Q. And the same goes for every other organ in the Main Staff, as far

3 as your knowledge is concerned; isn't that true?

4 A. That's not correct. I have to remind you of everything that I

5 have already said and of everything that has been written down and of

6 everything that I have drafted here. Organisation and the functioning,

7 operations and staff duties and human resources, well, these are things

8 that I am an expert on. No one asked me to do any studies that dealt

9 with issues beyond that field. So military management or command, all

10 those processes, organisation, functioning, human resources, I deal with

11 all of this.

12 Q. In light of the answers that you've given us in response to the

13 questions I've put to you, don't you think it's incumbent upon you to

14 withdraw your answers to what Mr. Krgovic asked you concerning the role

15 of the organ that General Gvero is in charge of, concerning the role of

16 the organ for morale, religious and legal affairs in terms of its

17 contribution to Directive number 7, in particular point 6.1?

18 JUDGE AGIUS: Yes, Mr. Krgovic.

19 MR. KRGOVIC: [Interpretation] Your Honour, could the witness

20 please be read back the question and the answer. I did not speak about

21 the responsibilities of General Gvero or of his organ. I just had one

22 question whether this was in keeping with the functional powers, whether

23 the parts under the part psychological and moral support are part of the

24 functional competencies. I did not mention any contents or anything.

25 That was the essence and gist of my question, and the witness agreed with

Page 30504

1 that. Could the witness please be read back both my question and his

2 answer to that question.

3 JUDGE AGIUS: That's fair enough. Could you direct the witness

4 straight to the questions and answers that you referred to in your

5 question.

6 MR. VANDERPUYE: Yes, Mr. President, I will. Thank you.

7 Q. You were asked by Mr. Krgovic, and this is again at page 30244,

8 lines 13 through 22:

9 "If you analyse the portion right here, you can see that these

10 elements being introduced, such as logistics, PVO support, things to do

11 with mobilisation, this entire paragraph does not contain anything, at

12 least in my view, that would correspond with moral and psychological

13 support. Not something that would seem to be in keeping with the rules

14 of the military profession; right?"

15 "A. Not only does it not correspond with this element of support

16 for combat operations, this entire paragraph is not in keeping with its

17 purpose. This entire paragraph that relates to support for combat

18 operations and then with the specific emphasis on 6.1."

19 My reference to the contents refers -- is derived directly from

20 Mr. Krgovic's question where he says what the paragraph contains. Given

21 what you responded to Mr. Krgovic's question, do you feel that your

22 answer is sufficiently informed by your expertise?

23 A. I absolutely believe and I have answered what I just told you a

24 while ago. The powers of a military officer, of a commander is to know

25 what points and sub-points are contained in the support to combat

Page 30505

1 operations. And I answered.

2 Not only does this paragraph not correspond to that, it is not in

3 consistency with the structure that is laid out, and it is not in

4 consistency laid out in the structure because there is a reference to

5 engineers and many other things, and we that the engineer support of

6 combat is a special point. Combat support is a special support. This is

7 what you are being taught in the basic military academy, and I dwelled

8 upon the contents of the structure. I did not analyse. I did not enter

9 the contents of the point that is in that structure.

10 JUDGE AGIUS: It's 7.00. Shall we stop here? How much longer do

11 you have, Mr. Vanderpuye?

12 MR. VANDERPUYE: I have quite a few numbers -- quite a few areas

13 to cover. I will do my best to cut down what I address with him

14 tomorrow. I -- the problem is, Mr. President, I have not as much control

15 over the situation as I might otherwise because of the nature of the way

16 the witness answers questions and the nature of the way the witness

17 conducts himself.

18 JUDGE AGIUS: All right. Let's stop here. We will continue

19 tomorrow at 2.15 in the afternoon. Thank you.

20 --- Whereupon the hearing adjourned at 7.00 p.m.,

21 to be reconvened on Thursday, the 22nd day of

22 January, 2009, at 2.15 p.m.